ANSC 3040 QUIZ 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Is sex determined at fertilization? - answers - yes
When does sexual dimorphism occur? - answers - later in embryo development
What is the axis name that regulates reproduction? - answers - hypothalamic pituitary
gonadal (hpg) axis
Totipotent cells are? - answers - cells capable of differentiating into any embryonic body
or placenta cells
Trophectoderm is? - answers - multipotent cells that differentiate into placenta cells
What type of cells is the inner cell mass made of? - answers - pluripotent cells
Pluripotent cells are? - answers - cells that differentiate into any type of embryo cell
What is gastrulation? - answers - formation of the germ layers
What does the primitive streak do? - answers - epiblast cells form and migrate the
mesoderm
3 germ layers - answers - ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
What does the mesoderm form? - answers - most of the repro tract, urinary system,
muscle/skeleton, cardiovascular
What does the ectoderm form? - answers - remaining/external repro tract, nervous
system, skin, hair
What does the endoderm form? - answers - digestive system, lungs, endocrine system
What is the somatic mesoderm surrounding? - answers - elongated embryo
Which cells are the founders of the germline? - answers - primordial germ cells (pgcs)
Where do pgcs migrate to and through what? - answers - pgcs migrate through the
dorsal mesentery of the hindgut to the gonadal ridge
What signals the migration of pgcs to the gonadal ridge? - answers - chemotaxis
What happens when colonization occurs at gonadal ridge? - answers - primitive sex
cords formed
, What cells do pgcs interact with that determine their sex commitment? - answers -
spermatogonial stem cells (for testis), oogonia (for ovaries)
Which structure is the preemptive kidney? - answers - mesonephros
Which structure is the future kidneys? - answers - metanephros
Which structure moves down and which structure moves up? - answers - gonads move
down (and increase in size), metanephros move up
Once the metanephros are higher than the gonads, the gonads are now known as... -
answers - the bipotential gonads
Up to the bipotential gonad stage, the embryo is sexually... - answers - indifferent
Which gene do males have that differentiates sex on the y chromosome? - answers -
sry protein/gene (tdf - testis determining factor)
What does amh stand for? - answers - anti-mullerian hormone
Which cells secrete amh? - answers - sertoli
Which cells differentiate when affected by amh? - answers - leydig
Which ducts degenerate when exposed to amh? - answers - paramesonephric ducts
What does the mesonephric duct become in the male? - answers - epididymis and duct
deferens
Factors secreted by cells in the testis induce differentiation of pgcs into... - answers -
spermatogonial stem cells (sscs)
Which structure pulls the testes to the inguinal ring during descent? - answers -
gubernaculum
Development and regression of the gubernaculum relies on which hormones from the
leydig cells? - answers - insl3 and testosterone
What is the first phase of testes descent called? - answers - transabdominal phase
What is the second to fourth phase(s) of the testes descent called? - answers - inguinal-
scrotal phase
Purpose of the vaginal cavity in the testes? - answers - allows movement for
thermoregulation of the testes
Is sex determined at fertilization? - answers - yes
When does sexual dimorphism occur? - answers - later in embryo development
What is the axis name that regulates reproduction? - answers - hypothalamic pituitary
gonadal (hpg) axis
Totipotent cells are? - answers - cells capable of differentiating into any embryonic body
or placenta cells
Trophectoderm is? - answers - multipotent cells that differentiate into placenta cells
What type of cells is the inner cell mass made of? - answers - pluripotent cells
Pluripotent cells are? - answers - cells that differentiate into any type of embryo cell
What is gastrulation? - answers - formation of the germ layers
What does the primitive streak do? - answers - epiblast cells form and migrate the
mesoderm
3 germ layers - answers - ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
What does the mesoderm form? - answers - most of the repro tract, urinary system,
muscle/skeleton, cardiovascular
What does the ectoderm form? - answers - remaining/external repro tract, nervous
system, skin, hair
What does the endoderm form? - answers - digestive system, lungs, endocrine system
What is the somatic mesoderm surrounding? - answers - elongated embryo
Which cells are the founders of the germline? - answers - primordial germ cells (pgcs)
Where do pgcs migrate to and through what? - answers - pgcs migrate through the
dorsal mesentery of the hindgut to the gonadal ridge
What signals the migration of pgcs to the gonadal ridge? - answers - chemotaxis
What happens when colonization occurs at gonadal ridge? - answers - primitive sex
cords formed
, What cells do pgcs interact with that determine their sex commitment? - answers -
spermatogonial stem cells (for testis), oogonia (for ovaries)
Which structure is the preemptive kidney? - answers - mesonephros
Which structure is the future kidneys? - answers - metanephros
Which structure moves down and which structure moves up? - answers - gonads move
down (and increase in size), metanephros move up
Once the metanephros are higher than the gonads, the gonads are now known as... -
answers - the bipotential gonads
Up to the bipotential gonad stage, the embryo is sexually... - answers - indifferent
Which gene do males have that differentiates sex on the y chromosome? - answers -
sry protein/gene (tdf - testis determining factor)
What does amh stand for? - answers - anti-mullerian hormone
Which cells secrete amh? - answers - sertoli
Which cells differentiate when affected by amh? - answers - leydig
Which ducts degenerate when exposed to amh? - answers - paramesonephric ducts
What does the mesonephric duct become in the male? - answers - epididymis and duct
deferens
Factors secreted by cells in the testis induce differentiation of pgcs into... - answers -
spermatogonial stem cells (sscs)
Which structure pulls the testes to the inguinal ring during descent? - answers -
gubernaculum
Development and regression of the gubernaculum relies on which hormones from the
leydig cells? - answers - insl3 and testosterone
What is the first phase of testes descent called? - answers - transabdominal phase
What is the second to fourth phase(s) of the testes descent called? - answers - inguinal-
scrotal phase
Purpose of the vaginal cavity in the testes? - answers - allows movement for
thermoregulation of the testes
