Summary Depression In Adolescence Week Five Reading

Depression‌‌In‌‌Adolescence‌‌Week‌‌Five‌‌Reading‌ ‌
Reading‌‌Information‌ ‌

Depression‌‌In‌‌Adolescence‌‌Week‌‌Five‌‌Reading‌ ‌
Week:‌‌5‌ ‌
Read:‌‌13/08/21‌ ‌
Book:‌‌Psychopathology:‌‌research,‌‌assessment‌‌and‌‌treatment‌‌in‌‌clinical‌‌psychology‌ ‌
Pages:204-208‌ ‌
Reference:‌‌Davey,‌‌G.‌‌C.‌‌(2021).‌P
‌ sychopathology:‌‌Research,‌‌Assessment‌‌and‌‌Treatment‌‌in‌‌Clinical‌‌Psychology‌‌(BPS‌‌Textbooks‌‌in‌‌
Psychology)‌‌by‌‌Graham‌‌C.‌‌Davey‌‌(2014–08-22)‌‌‌[E-book].‌‌John‌‌Wiley‌‌&‌‌Sons.‌ ‌

Psychological‌‌Theories‌ ‌
Introjection‌ ‌ A‌‌response‌‌to‌‌loss‌‌where‌‌individuals‌‌regress‌‌to‌‌the‌‌oral‌‌stage‌‌of‌‌development,‌‌which‌‌allows‌‌them‌‌
to‌‌integrate‌‌the‌‌identity‌‌of‌‌a‌‌person‌‌they‌‌have‌‌lost‌‌with‌‌their‌‌own.‌ ‌

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Symbolic‌‌Loss‌ ‌ A‌‌Freudian‌‌concept‌‌whereby‌‌other‌‌kinds‌‌of‌‌losses‌‌within‌‌one’s‌‌life‌‌(e.g,‌‌losing‌‌a‌‌job)‌‌are‌‌ ‌
viewed‌‌as‌‌equivalent‌‌to‌‌losing‌‌a‌‌loved‌‌one.‌ ‌

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Affectionless‌‌ A‌‌type‌‌of‌‌parenting‌‌characterised‌‌by‌‌high‌‌levels‌‌of‌‌overprotection‌‌combined‌‌with‌‌a‌‌lack‌‌of‌‌warmth‌‌
control‌ ‌ and‌‌care.‌ ‌

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Link‌‌between‌‌parental‌‌loss‌‌and‌‌depression;‌‌women‌‌whose‌‌mothers‌‌died‌‌or‌‌abandoned‌‌
them‌‌in‌‌childhood‌‌are‌‌more‌‌likely‌‌to‌‌develop‌‌depression‌‌than‌‌those‌‌who‌‌had‌‌not‌‌had‌‌
these‌‌experiences‌ ‌
Depression‌‌and‌‌Inflammation‌ ‌
● Depression‌‌has‌‌high‌‌prevalence‌‌rates‌‌and‌‌is‌‌highly‌‌comorbid‌‌with‌‌other‌‌
psychopathologies.‌ ‌
● Link‌‌between‌‌depression‌‌and‌‌physical‌‌illnesses;‌‌inflammation‌‌may‌‌contribute‌‌to‌‌the‌‌
experience‌‌of‌‌depression‌ ‌
● Cytokines-‌‌proteins‌‌made‌‌by‌‌immune‌‌cells‌‌that‌‌control‌‌responses‌‌to‌‌foreign‌‌antigens‌‌
and‌‌germs,‌‌generating‌‌inflammation‌‌and‌‌fever‌ ‌
● Depression‌‌is‌‌associated‌‌with‌‌altered‌‌immune‌‌systems‌‌and‌‌cytokines.‌‌ ‌
● Animal‌‌studies‌‌suggest‌‌administration‌‌of‌‌cytokines‌‌can‌‌profoundly‌‌affect‌‌the‌‌metabolism‌‌
of‌‌the‌‌neurotransmitters‌‌(serotonin,‌‌norepinephrine‌‌and‌‌dopamine).‌‌Cytokines‌‌also‌‌
generate‌‌behaviours‌‌symptoms‌‌found‌‌in‌‌depression‌‌(listlessness,‌‌loss‌‌of‌‌appetite‌‌lack‌‌of‌‌
interest‌‌in‌‌socialising‌‌and‌‌sex‌‌and‌‌increased‌‌sesnitivity‌‌in‌‌pain)‌ ‌
● Adaptive‌‌viewpoint:‌‌an‌‌organism‌‌fighting‌‌a‌‌disease‌‌to‌‌restrict‌‌activity‌‌to‌‌allow‌‌resources‌‌
to‌‌focus‌‌on‌‌areas‌‌under‌‌physical‌‌attack‌‌from‌‌illness.‌ ‌
Behavioural‌‌theories‌ ‌
● Depression‌‌characteristics:‌‌lack‌‌of‌‌motivation‌‌and‌‌initiative,‌‌a‌‌considerably‌‌diminished‌‌
behavioural‌‌repertoire,‌‌and‌‌a‌‌view‌‌of‌‌a‌‌future‌‌that‌‌lacks‌‌positive‌‌and‌‌fulfilling‌‌experiences‌ ‌
● Some‌‌theorists‌‌suggested‌‌that‌‌above‌‌characteristics‌‌provide‌‌evidence‌‌that‌‌depression‌‌
results‌‌from‌‌a‌‌lack‌‌of‌‌appropriate‌‌reinforcement‌‌for‌‌positive‌‌and‌‌constructive‌‌behaviours‌ ‌
● This‌‌leads‌‌to‌‌extinction‌‌of‌‌existing‌‌behaviours‌‌and‌‌creates‌‌a‌‌‘behavioural‌‌vacuum’‌‌
(person‌‌becomes‌‌inactive‌‌and‌‌withdrawn)‌ ‌