Biology 1407 Chapter 27 Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria share? -composition of the cell wall
-presence of plasma membrane and composition of the cell wall -composition of the cell
wall and lack of a nuclear envelope -lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of plasma
membrane
Correct Answer: lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of plasma membrane
Question 2.
While examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism. Which
of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to Bacteria but
not Archaea or Eukarya? -The lipids in its plasma membrane consist of glycerol bonded to
straight-chain fatty acids. -It can survive at a temperature over 100°C. -The organism does
not have nucleus. -Cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan.
Correct Answer: Cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan.
Question 3.
Appear purple after staining -Gram-negative bacteria -Gram-positive bacteria
Correct Answer: -Gram-positive bacteria
Question 4.
Photoautotrophs use -H2S as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source. -N2 as an
energy source and CO2 as a carbon source. -light as an energy source and CO2 as a
carbon source. -CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source. -light as an energy
source and methane as a carbon source
Correct Answer: light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source.
Question 5.
How does the large amount of genetic variation observed in prokaryotes arise? -The
mutation rate in prokaryotes is much higher than in eukaryotes. -They have extremely
short generation times and large populations. -They can exchange DNA with many types of
prokaryotes by way of horizontal gene transfer. -They have a relatively small genome.
-The second and third answers are correct.
Correct Answer: The second and third answers are correct. -They have
extremely short generation times and large populations -They can exchange
DNA with many types of prokaryotes by way of horizontal gene transfer The
short generation times and large population sizes in most prokaryotic species,
coupled with their ability to exchange genes, helps to increase genetic
variability beyond what we would expect in asexually reproducing organisms.
Question 6.
Bacteria that live around deep-sea, hot-water vents obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic
hydrogen sulfide belched out by the vents. They use this energy to build organic molecules
from carbon obtained from the carbon dioxide in seawater. These bacteria are _____.
-chemoautotrophs -photoautotrophs -photoheterotrophs -chemoheterotrophs
Correct Answer: chemoautotrophs
Page 1
, Question 7.
Require energy only from one inorganic source
Correct Answer: autotrophs
Question 8.
Which of the following processes contributes to genetic recombination in prokaryotes?
-Meiosis -Mutation -Transduction
Correct Answer: Transduction A process in which phages (viruses) carry
bacterial DNA from one bacterial cell to another. When these two cells are
members of different species, transduction results in horizontal gene transfer
Question 9.
Has a plasma membrane -Gram-negative bacteria -Gram-positive bacteria
Correct Answer: Both -Gram-negative bacteria -Gram-positive bacteria
Question 10.
The soil layer surrounding plant roots, called the rhizosphere, has been shown in some
cases to _____. -contain archaea which produce antibiotics that prevent the growth of most
bacteria -inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens -contain fungi that produce an endotoxin
which inhibits the growth rhizomes -produce vitamins essential for the uptake of nitrogen
Correct Answer: inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens
Question 11.
Alcohol rinse does not easily removes crystal violet -Gram-negative bacteria
-Gram-positive bacteria
Correct Answer: -Gram-positive bacteria
Question 12.
What is the goal of bioremediation? -to clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by
using bacteria -to improve bacteria for production of useful chemicals -to improve soil
quality for plant growth by using bacteria -to improve human health with the help of living
organisms such as bacteria
Correct Answer: to clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by using
bacteria
Question 13.
Require energy from at least one organic nutirent
Correct Answer: heterotroph
Question 14.
Have an outer membrane as part of their cell wall structure -Gram-negative bacteria
-Gram-positive bacteria
Correct Answer: -Gram-negative bacteria
Page 2
Question 1.
Which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria share? -composition of the cell wall
-presence of plasma membrane and composition of the cell wall -composition of the cell
wall and lack of a nuclear envelope -lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of plasma
membrane
Correct Answer: lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of plasma membrane
Question 2.
While examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism. Which
of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to Bacteria but
not Archaea or Eukarya? -The lipids in its plasma membrane consist of glycerol bonded to
straight-chain fatty acids. -It can survive at a temperature over 100°C. -The organism does
not have nucleus. -Cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan.
Correct Answer: Cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan.
Question 3.
Appear purple after staining -Gram-negative bacteria -Gram-positive bacteria
Correct Answer: -Gram-positive bacteria
Question 4.
Photoautotrophs use -H2S as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source. -N2 as an
energy source and CO2 as a carbon source. -light as an energy source and CO2 as a
carbon source. -CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source. -light as an energy
source and methane as a carbon source
Correct Answer: light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source.
Question 5.
How does the large amount of genetic variation observed in prokaryotes arise? -The
mutation rate in prokaryotes is much higher than in eukaryotes. -They have extremely
short generation times and large populations. -They can exchange DNA with many types of
prokaryotes by way of horizontal gene transfer. -They have a relatively small genome.
-The second and third answers are correct.
Correct Answer: The second and third answers are correct. -They have
extremely short generation times and large populations -They can exchange
DNA with many types of prokaryotes by way of horizontal gene transfer The
short generation times and large population sizes in most prokaryotic species,
coupled with their ability to exchange genes, helps to increase genetic
variability beyond what we would expect in asexually reproducing organisms.
Question 6.
Bacteria that live around deep-sea, hot-water vents obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic
hydrogen sulfide belched out by the vents. They use this energy to build organic molecules
from carbon obtained from the carbon dioxide in seawater. These bacteria are _____.
-chemoautotrophs -photoautotrophs -photoheterotrophs -chemoheterotrophs
Correct Answer: chemoautotrophs
Page 1
, Question 7.
Require energy only from one inorganic source
Correct Answer: autotrophs
Question 8.
Which of the following processes contributes to genetic recombination in prokaryotes?
-Meiosis -Mutation -Transduction
Correct Answer: Transduction A process in which phages (viruses) carry
bacterial DNA from one bacterial cell to another. When these two cells are
members of different species, transduction results in horizontal gene transfer
Question 9.
Has a plasma membrane -Gram-negative bacteria -Gram-positive bacteria
Correct Answer: Both -Gram-negative bacteria -Gram-positive bacteria
Question 10.
The soil layer surrounding plant roots, called the rhizosphere, has been shown in some
cases to _____. -contain archaea which produce antibiotics that prevent the growth of most
bacteria -inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens -contain fungi that produce an endotoxin
which inhibits the growth rhizomes -produce vitamins essential for the uptake of nitrogen
Correct Answer: inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens
Question 11.
Alcohol rinse does not easily removes crystal violet -Gram-negative bacteria
-Gram-positive bacteria
Correct Answer: -Gram-positive bacteria
Question 12.
What is the goal of bioremediation? -to clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by
using bacteria -to improve bacteria for production of useful chemicals -to improve soil
quality for plant growth by using bacteria -to improve human health with the help of living
organisms such as bacteria
Correct Answer: to clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by using
bacteria
Question 13.
Require energy from at least one organic nutirent
Correct Answer: heterotroph
Question 14.
Have an outer membrane as part of their cell wall structure -Gram-negative bacteria
-Gram-positive bacteria
Correct Answer: -Gram-negative bacteria
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