compare and contrast cartilage and bone
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cartilage:
- surrounded by perichondrium
- no blood vessels or nerves
- chondrocytes in lacunae
- flexible extracellular matrix
- extracellular matrix is made by chondroblasts
- appositional growth and interstitial growth
bone:
- surrounded by periosteum
- has blood vessels and nerves
-osteocytes in lacunae
- rigid extracellular matrix, due to inorganic calcium salts
- extracellular matrix (organic part) is made by osteoblasts
- appositional growth only
,what type of bone does intramembranous ossification form?
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cranial bones of skull and clavicles
most bones formed in this way are flat bones
describe how the nutrient artery and nutrient vein supply blood to bones
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- They run through a hole in the wall of the diaphysis, the nutrient foramen.
- The nutrient artery runs inward to supply the bone marrow and the
spongy bone.
- Branches then extend outward to supply the compact bone.
- Nerves accompany blood vessels through the nutrient foramen into the
bone
of the regions listed in the previous questions, where is hematopoiesis more active?
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the red marrow found in the spongy bone of flat bones and in some
irregular bones is much more active in hematopoiesis, than in long bones
what happens to the epiphyseal plate during growth?
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it maintains a constant thickness because the rate of cartilage growth on its
epiphysis-facing side is balanced by its replacement with bony tissue on its
diaphysis-facing side.
when does osteoblasts become osteocytes?
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when they are completely surrounded by the matrix they secreted
what does 'calcified' mean, and when does it happen in cartilage
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calcified- hardened due to deposit of calcium salts
under certain conditions
calcified cartilage is NOT bone
a thin interlayer between the hyaline articular cartilage and the
subchondral bone and plays an important role in maintaining the joint
homeostasis by providing biological and mechanical support
how does the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone differ from that of compact
bone?
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looks poorly organized compared to compact bone
- trabeculae in spongy bone align precisely along lines of stress and help
the bone resist stress.
- trabeculae contain irregularly arranged lamellae and osteocytes
interconnected by canaliculi.
- No osteons are present.
- Nutrients reach the osteocytes of spongy bone by diffusing through the
canaliculi from capillaries in the endosteum surrounding the trabeculae.
list and describe the seven functions of bones
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1. Support.
2. Protection.
3. Anchorage. Skeletal muscles, which attach to bones by tendons, use
bones as levers to move the body and its parts.
4. Mineral storage. Bone is a reservoir for minerals, most importantly
calcium and phosphate.
5. Blood cell formation. Most blood cell formation, or hematopoiesis,
occurs in the red marrow of certain bones.
6. Triglyceride (fat) storage. Fat, a source of energy for the body, is stored
as yellow marrow in the cavities of long bones.
7. Hormone production. Bones produce osteocalcin, a hormone that helps
to regulate insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure
Give this one a try later!
cartilage:
- surrounded by perichondrium
- no blood vessels or nerves
- chondrocytes in lacunae
- flexible extracellular matrix
- extracellular matrix is made by chondroblasts
- appositional growth and interstitial growth
bone:
- surrounded by periosteum
- has blood vessels and nerves
-osteocytes in lacunae
- rigid extracellular matrix, due to inorganic calcium salts
- extracellular matrix (organic part) is made by osteoblasts
- appositional growth only
,what type of bone does intramembranous ossification form?
Give this one a try later!
cranial bones of skull and clavicles
most bones formed in this way are flat bones
describe how the nutrient artery and nutrient vein supply blood to bones
Give this one a try later!
- They run through a hole in the wall of the diaphysis, the nutrient foramen.
- The nutrient artery runs inward to supply the bone marrow and the
spongy bone.
- Branches then extend outward to supply the compact bone.
- Nerves accompany blood vessels through the nutrient foramen into the
bone
of the regions listed in the previous questions, where is hematopoiesis more active?
Give this one a try later!
the red marrow found in the spongy bone of flat bones and in some
irregular bones is much more active in hematopoiesis, than in long bones
what happens to the epiphyseal plate during growth?
,Give this one a try later!
it maintains a constant thickness because the rate of cartilage growth on its
epiphysis-facing side is balanced by its replacement with bony tissue on its
diaphysis-facing side.
when does osteoblasts become osteocytes?
Give this one a try later!
when they are completely surrounded by the matrix they secreted
what does 'calcified' mean, and when does it happen in cartilage
Give this one a try later!
calcified- hardened due to deposit of calcium salts
under certain conditions
calcified cartilage is NOT bone
a thin interlayer between the hyaline articular cartilage and the
subchondral bone and plays an important role in maintaining the joint
homeostasis by providing biological and mechanical support
how does the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone differ from that of compact
bone?
, Give this one a try later!
looks poorly organized compared to compact bone
- trabeculae in spongy bone align precisely along lines of stress and help
the bone resist stress.
- trabeculae contain irregularly arranged lamellae and osteocytes
interconnected by canaliculi.
- No osteons are present.
- Nutrients reach the osteocytes of spongy bone by diffusing through the
canaliculi from capillaries in the endosteum surrounding the trabeculae.
list and describe the seven functions of bones
Give this one a try later!
1. Support.
2. Protection.
3. Anchorage. Skeletal muscles, which attach to bones by tendons, use
bones as levers to move the body and its parts.
4. Mineral storage. Bone is a reservoir for minerals, most importantly
calcium and phosphate.
5. Blood cell formation. Most blood cell formation, or hematopoiesis,
occurs in the red marrow of certain bones.
6. Triglyceride (fat) storage. Fat, a source of energy for the body, is stored
as yellow marrow in the cavities of long bones.
7. Hormone production. Bones produce osteocalcin, a hormone that helps
to regulate insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure
