NR 574 FINAL EXAM LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Hubert is a 68-year-old male who fell 8 feet from a ladder landing on his
right side. He has confirmed fractures to ribs 4 and 5, anteriorly and
laterally. When he takes a deep breath, the injured area of the lung
moves inward. He reports severe pain. Vital signs: blood pressure (BP)
110/72; heart rate (HR)
110; respiratory rate (RR) 28; pulse oximetry (SpO2) 92% on 2 liters
nasal cannula What is the most appropriate management for Hubert? -
ANSWERS-Admit to intensive care unit (ICU) and administer fentanyl
patient controlled analgesia (PCA)
Serena presents to the ED after being struck in the chest with a pipe
during an altercation. Assessment findings include jugular vein
distention (JVD) and distant heart tones. Vital signs: BP 88/72; HR 122;
RR 32.Which of the following is the priority intervention for Serena? -
ANSWERS-Pericardiocentesis
Avi is a 43-year-old male who was brought to the ED after an MVC.
Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel were unable to intubate
him and are providing ventilation by bag valve mask. Avi is intubated in
the ED. Immediately after intubation, he is hypotensive. Assessment
findings show significant tracheal deviation to the right, neck vein
END OF
PAGE
1
, NR 574 FINAL EXAM LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
distention, and no movement of the left side of the chest. What is the
priority intervention for Avi? - ANSWERS-Needle decompression
Kehr's sign - ANSWERS-Referred pain down the left shoulder;
indicative of a ruptured spleen.-due to the presence of blood or other
irritants in the peritoneal cavity when a person is lying down and the
legs are elevated.
causes/risk factors of abdominal compartment syndrome - ANSWERS-
gastric distention ileus bowel obstruction peritoneal hemorrhage
(traumatic or spontaneous)ascites increased bowel wall edema from high
volume resuscitation septic shock mass transfusion burn fluid
resuscitation obesity positive pressure ventilation
physical exam findings of abdominal compartment syndrome -
ANSWERS-abdominal distention rigid or firm abdomen abdominal pain
with palpation nausea vomiting decreased urine output significant
positive intake versus output over 48 hours shock symptoms
(hypotension and tachycardia)
END OF
PAGE
2
, NR 574 FINAL EXAM LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
how to assess intraabdominal pressure - ANSWERS-indirectly by
assessing bladder pressure.-pt supine: HOB no higher than 20 degree-
bladder should be completely decompressed before beginning.-A foley
catheter is connected to a transducer which is zeroed at the midaxillary
line, and a small amount of saline (20-35 milliliters [ml]) is injected into
the bladder while the end-expiratory pressure is measured.
When assessing intraabdominal pressure, what is a normal bladder
pressure? - ANSWERS--Normal bladder pressure values <12
millimeters mercury (mmHg)
When assessing intraabdominal pressure, what bladder pressure is
considered abdominal compartment syndrome? - ANSWERS-> 12mm
Hg are consistent with intraabdominal hypertension, and pressures
greater than 20mmHg are considered abdominal compartment
syndrome.
treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome - ANSWERS-
Abdominal compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency!
-decompressive laparotomy to reduce intraabdominal pressure.-A
decompressive laparotomy consists of creating a midline incision into
END OF
PAGE
3
, NR 574 FINAL EXAM LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
the ab- domen which allows the bowel to expand outside of the
abdominal wall until the swelling is diminished. -The portion of the
bowel unable to be returned to the abdominal cavity is left outside the
abdomen and the abdominal wall is left open for a period to facilitate
perfusion. Clients who undergo decompressive laparotomy and are left
with an open abdominal incision must undergo staged abdominal wound
closure.
risk factors for intra-abdominal trauma - ANSWERS-rollover motor
vehicle collision driver of vehicle steering wheel deformity airbag
deployment thigh level of vehicle damage unrestrained fall from a height
greater than 8ft stabbing shootings explosions with shrapnel
risk factors for traumatic renal injury - ANSWERS-men under the age of
30.Renal trauma often occurs due to rapid decelerations that cause
tearing injuries, direct blows to the back or flank, or penetrating injuries
directly to the proximity to the kidney.-Penetrating trauma that enters
anterior to the axillary line is more likely to result in a renal injury as
well
Post-splenectomy clients are at high risk for rapidly progressing sepsis
due to immunoglobulin G (IgG)-coated bacteria and encapsulated organ-
END OF
PAGE
4
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Hubert is a 68-year-old male who fell 8 feet from a ladder landing on his
right side. He has confirmed fractures to ribs 4 and 5, anteriorly and
laterally. When he takes a deep breath, the injured area of the lung
moves inward. He reports severe pain. Vital signs: blood pressure (BP)
110/72; heart rate (HR)
110; respiratory rate (RR) 28; pulse oximetry (SpO2) 92% on 2 liters
nasal cannula What is the most appropriate management for Hubert? -
ANSWERS-Admit to intensive care unit (ICU) and administer fentanyl
patient controlled analgesia (PCA)
Serena presents to the ED after being struck in the chest with a pipe
during an altercation. Assessment findings include jugular vein
distention (JVD) and distant heart tones. Vital signs: BP 88/72; HR 122;
RR 32.Which of the following is the priority intervention for Serena? -
ANSWERS-Pericardiocentesis
Avi is a 43-year-old male who was brought to the ED after an MVC.
Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel were unable to intubate
him and are providing ventilation by bag valve mask. Avi is intubated in
the ED. Immediately after intubation, he is hypotensive. Assessment
findings show significant tracheal deviation to the right, neck vein
END OF
PAGE
1
, NR 574 FINAL EXAM LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
distention, and no movement of the left side of the chest. What is the
priority intervention for Avi? - ANSWERS-Needle decompression
Kehr's sign - ANSWERS-Referred pain down the left shoulder;
indicative of a ruptured spleen.-due to the presence of blood or other
irritants in the peritoneal cavity when a person is lying down and the
legs are elevated.
causes/risk factors of abdominal compartment syndrome - ANSWERS-
gastric distention ileus bowel obstruction peritoneal hemorrhage
(traumatic or spontaneous)ascites increased bowel wall edema from high
volume resuscitation septic shock mass transfusion burn fluid
resuscitation obesity positive pressure ventilation
physical exam findings of abdominal compartment syndrome -
ANSWERS-abdominal distention rigid or firm abdomen abdominal pain
with palpation nausea vomiting decreased urine output significant
positive intake versus output over 48 hours shock symptoms
(hypotension and tachycardia)
END OF
PAGE
2
, NR 574 FINAL EXAM LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
how to assess intraabdominal pressure - ANSWERS-indirectly by
assessing bladder pressure.-pt supine: HOB no higher than 20 degree-
bladder should be completely decompressed before beginning.-A foley
catheter is connected to a transducer which is zeroed at the midaxillary
line, and a small amount of saline (20-35 milliliters [ml]) is injected into
the bladder while the end-expiratory pressure is measured.
When assessing intraabdominal pressure, what is a normal bladder
pressure? - ANSWERS--Normal bladder pressure values <12
millimeters mercury (mmHg)
When assessing intraabdominal pressure, what bladder pressure is
considered abdominal compartment syndrome? - ANSWERS-> 12mm
Hg are consistent with intraabdominal hypertension, and pressures
greater than 20mmHg are considered abdominal compartment
syndrome.
treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome - ANSWERS-
Abdominal compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency!
-decompressive laparotomy to reduce intraabdominal pressure.-A
decompressive laparotomy consists of creating a midline incision into
END OF
PAGE
3
, NR 574 FINAL EXAM LATEST
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
the ab- domen which allows the bowel to expand outside of the
abdominal wall until the swelling is diminished. -The portion of the
bowel unable to be returned to the abdominal cavity is left outside the
abdomen and the abdominal wall is left open for a period to facilitate
perfusion. Clients who undergo decompressive laparotomy and are left
with an open abdominal incision must undergo staged abdominal wound
closure.
risk factors for intra-abdominal trauma - ANSWERS-rollover motor
vehicle collision driver of vehicle steering wheel deformity airbag
deployment thigh level of vehicle damage unrestrained fall from a height
greater than 8ft stabbing shootings explosions with shrapnel
risk factors for traumatic renal injury - ANSWERS-men under the age of
30.Renal trauma often occurs due to rapid decelerations that cause
tearing injuries, direct blows to the back or flank, or penetrating injuries
directly to the proximity to the kidney.-Penetrating trauma that enters
anterior to the axillary line is more likely to result in a renal injury as
well
Post-splenectomy clients are at high risk for rapidly progressing sepsis
due to immunoglobulin G (IgG)-coated bacteria and encapsulated organ-
END OF
PAGE
4
