1807NRS EOT COMPREHENSIVE EXAM SCRIPT Questions with
Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Drugs produce the desired effect by (4 ways).
Answer: chemical action, physical action, enzymes and binding to receptors
Question 2: S/E Opioid analgesics.
Answer: consipation, drowsiness, respiratory depression
Question 3: S/E Laxatives.
Answer: diahorrea
Question 4: S/E antihypertensives.
Answer: hypotension, postural hypotension and bradycardia
Question 5: how can you reduce the GI symptoms of meds and eg.
Answer: take with food - anti-inflammatories, ibuprofen or enteric coated
Question 6: what are 2 meds that can have their absorption altered by presence of food.
Answer: paracetamol and digoxin
Question 7: what are some factors that influence absorption.
Answer:
1. ability to dissolve in fats
2. surface area
3. route
4. formulation
5. contact w GIT
Question 8: what are some factors that influence distribution.
Answer: BBB and placental barriers
Question 9: what does the metabolism phase do.
Answer: alter chemical properties of drugs making them less lipophilic and readily excreted
Page 1
,Question 10: what are some ways drugs can be excreted.
Answer: liver, faeces, urine
Question 11: NT released by SNS and nerves.
Answer: noradrenaline, adrenergic
Question 12: NT released by PSNS and nerves.
Answer: acetylcholine, cholinergic
Question 13: what are the 4 adrenergic receptors.
Answer: a1, a2, b1, b2
Question 14: a1 location and physiological response.
Answer:
1. smooth muscle (periphial blood vessels
2. GIT
3. bladder)
4. causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels (↑BP
5. miosis
6. ↓GIT and ↓ sweating and voiding)
Question 15: a2 location and physiological response.
Answer: presynaptic neuron, act as controllers as NTs
Question 16: b1 location and physiological response.
Answer: heart, GI and smooth muscles, causes ↑ HR and CO and ↓ GI
Question 17: b2 location and physiological response.
Answer: bronchial smooth muscle, causes bronchodilation, vasodilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles
Question 18: action of b1 antagonist.
Answer: decrease HR and GIT
Question 19: action of b2 agonist.
Answer: raise BP and HR and ↓ GIT
Page 2
, Question 20: muscarinic antagonists action.
Answer: bronchodilation, ↓ cognitive processes = sedation, ↓ peristalsis and gastric secretion and
tachycardia
Question 21: muscarinic agonist action.
Answer: bradycardia, hypotension, pupil constriction, diaphoresis and bronchoconstriction
Question 22: where are nicotinic receptors located.
Answer: PNS and SNS smooth and cardiac muscle, NMJ of skeletal muscles and CNS
Question 23: MOA of nicotinic agonist.
Answer:
1. skeletal tremors
2. relaxation and wellbeing sensations
3. adrenal medulla stimulation (↑HR)
4. ↑ ANS tone (↑NP
5. GI-diarrhoea)
Question 24: adverse effects of nicotinic agonists.
Answer: smoking can cause HTN, nausea, insomnia
Question 25: nursing care for nicotinic agonist.
Answer: monitor skeletal muscle weakness and nicotine withdrawal symptoms
Question 26: chemical mediators communication.
Answer: cell to cell
Question 27: 4 classifications of chemical mediators, signals and ex.
Answer: neurone (Ach) - synapse, endocrine (Insulin) - through bloodstream, paracrine (Histamine) - target
cell is close by and autocrine (Cytokines) - target cell is the same
Question 28: Location of highly concentrated histamine in body.
Answer: lungs, skin, GI and CNS
Question 29: role of histamine in the body.
Answer: allergic and inflammatory reactions, and gastric acid secretion
Page 3
Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Drugs produce the desired effect by (4 ways).
Answer: chemical action, physical action, enzymes and binding to receptors
Question 2: S/E Opioid analgesics.
Answer: consipation, drowsiness, respiratory depression
Question 3: S/E Laxatives.
Answer: diahorrea
Question 4: S/E antihypertensives.
Answer: hypotension, postural hypotension and bradycardia
Question 5: how can you reduce the GI symptoms of meds and eg.
Answer: take with food - anti-inflammatories, ibuprofen or enteric coated
Question 6: what are 2 meds that can have their absorption altered by presence of food.
Answer: paracetamol and digoxin
Question 7: what are some factors that influence absorption.
Answer:
1. ability to dissolve in fats
2. surface area
3. route
4. formulation
5. contact w GIT
Question 8: what are some factors that influence distribution.
Answer: BBB and placental barriers
Question 9: what does the metabolism phase do.
Answer: alter chemical properties of drugs making them less lipophilic and readily excreted
Page 1
,Question 10: what are some ways drugs can be excreted.
Answer: liver, faeces, urine
Question 11: NT released by SNS and nerves.
Answer: noradrenaline, adrenergic
Question 12: NT released by PSNS and nerves.
Answer: acetylcholine, cholinergic
Question 13: what are the 4 adrenergic receptors.
Answer: a1, a2, b1, b2
Question 14: a1 location and physiological response.
Answer:
1. smooth muscle (periphial blood vessels
2. GIT
3. bladder)
4. causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels (↑BP
5. miosis
6. ↓GIT and ↓ sweating and voiding)
Question 15: a2 location and physiological response.
Answer: presynaptic neuron, act as controllers as NTs
Question 16: b1 location and physiological response.
Answer: heart, GI and smooth muscles, causes ↑ HR and CO and ↓ GI
Question 17: b2 location and physiological response.
Answer: bronchial smooth muscle, causes bronchodilation, vasodilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles
Question 18: action of b1 antagonist.
Answer: decrease HR and GIT
Question 19: action of b2 agonist.
Answer: raise BP and HR and ↓ GIT
Page 2
, Question 20: muscarinic antagonists action.
Answer: bronchodilation, ↓ cognitive processes = sedation, ↓ peristalsis and gastric secretion and
tachycardia
Question 21: muscarinic agonist action.
Answer: bradycardia, hypotension, pupil constriction, diaphoresis and bronchoconstriction
Question 22: where are nicotinic receptors located.
Answer: PNS and SNS smooth and cardiac muscle, NMJ of skeletal muscles and CNS
Question 23: MOA of nicotinic agonist.
Answer:
1. skeletal tremors
2. relaxation and wellbeing sensations
3. adrenal medulla stimulation (↑HR)
4. ↑ ANS tone (↑NP
5. GI-diarrhoea)
Question 24: adverse effects of nicotinic agonists.
Answer: smoking can cause HTN, nausea, insomnia
Question 25: nursing care for nicotinic agonist.
Answer: monitor skeletal muscle weakness and nicotine withdrawal symptoms
Question 26: chemical mediators communication.
Answer: cell to cell
Question 27: 4 classifications of chemical mediators, signals and ex.
Answer: neurone (Ach) - synapse, endocrine (Insulin) - through bloodstream, paracrine (Histamine) - target
cell is close by and autocrine (Cytokines) - target cell is the same
Question 28: Location of highly concentrated histamine in body.
Answer: lungs, skin, GI and CNS
Question 29: role of histamine in the body.
Answer: allergic and inflammatory reactions, and gastric acid secretion
Page 3
