NSG 3100 exam 4 Latest 2024/2025;New
50 Questions and Answers/100%
Correct/Graded A+.(Galen College of
Nursing)
Section I: Nutrition Fundamentals & Macronutrients (Questions 1-30)
Question 1
Type: Multiple Choice
The nurse is teaching a patient about macronutrients. Which statement by the patient indicates
correct understanding?
A. "Carbohydrates provide 9 calories per gram."
B. "Fats provide 4 calories per gram."
C. "Proteins provide 4 calories per gram."
D. "Vitamins provide 7 calories per gram."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proteins and carbohydrates each provide 4 kcal/gram, while fats provide 9
kcal/gram . Vitamins are micronutrients and do not provide calories. Option A is incorrect
because carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/gram, not 9. Option B is incorrect because fats provide 9
kcal/gram. Option D is incorrect because vitamins do not provide energy.
Question 2
Type: Multiple Choice
A patient asks the nurse about the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates.
Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A. "Simple carbohydrates provide sustained energy throughout the day."
B. "Complex carbohydrates are broken down and absorbed more quickly."
C. "Simple carbohydrates are absorbed quickly and provide a rapid energy source."
D. "Complex carbohydrates are found primarily in candy and soda."
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Simple carbohydrates are broken down and absorbed quickly, providing a rapid
source of energy . Complex carbohydrates (starches, glycogen, fiber) take longer to digest and
provide more sustained energy. Option A is incorrect because simple carbohydrates provide
quick, not sustained, energy. Option B is incorrect because complex carbohydrates are digested
more slowly. Option D is incorrect because complex carbohydrates are found in whole grains,
vegetables, and legumes, not candy and soda.
Question 3
Type: Multiple Choice
The nurse is assessing a patient's nutritional status. Which patient statement indicates a need
for further education about a balanced diet?
A. "I should include a variety of nutrient-dense foods."
B. "I should eliminate all carbohydrates from my diet."
C. "I should eat fruits and vegetables daily."
D. "I should choose whole grains over refined grains."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eliminating all carbohydrates is not a balanced approach to nutrition.
Carbohydrates are the body's primary energy source and should comprise approximately 45-
65% of daily caloric intake . Options A, C, and D all reflect accurate understanding of a balanced
diet.
Question 4
Type: Select All That Apply
The nurse is teaching a patient about dietary fiber. Which statements by the patient indicate
correct understanding? Select all that apply.
A. "Soluble fiber mixes with water to form a gel-like substance."
B. "Insoluble fiber helps prevent constipation by adding bulk."
C. "Fiber provides 4 calories per gram."
D. "Soluble fiber slows digestion and can help lower cholesterol."
E. "All fiber is digested and absorbed in the small intestine."
, Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale: Soluble fiber mixes with water to form a gel-like substance, slowing digestion and
helping lower cholesterol . Insoluble fiber does not retain water but adds bulk, promoting
passage of food through the digestive tract . Fiber is a complex carbohydrate that is largely
indigestible and does not provide significant calories through absorption (Option C is incorrect).
Fiber is not digested and absorbed in the small intestine (Option E is incorrect) .
Question 5
Type: Multiple Choice
The nurse is calculating the caloric intake for a patient who consumed 50 grams of protein, 200
grams of carbohydrates, and 30 grams of fat. What is the total caloric intake?
A. 1,170 calories
B. 1,270 calories
C. 1,320 calories
D. 1,450 calories
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Protein: 50 g × 4 kcal/g = 200 kcal. Carbohydrates: 200 g × 4 kcal/g = 800 kcal. Fat:
30 g × 9 kcal/g = 270 kcal. Total: 200 + 800 + 270 = 1,270 calories .
Question 6
Type: Multiple Choice
A patient with iron-deficiency anemia asks the nurse which foods should be included in the diet.
Which food selection indicates correct understanding?
A. Nuts and milk
B. Coffee and tea
C. Cooked rolled oats and fish
D. Oranges and dark green leafy vegetables
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oranges (rich in vitamin C) enhance iron absorption, and dark green leafy
vegetables (such as spinach) are good plant sources of iron . Options A and C contain some iron
, but are not the best sources. Option B is incorrect because coffee and tea contain tannins that
inhibit iron absorption. Option C is less optimal because plant sources of iron are less
bioavailable than animal sources, though fish does contain some iron.
Question 7
Type: Multiple Choice
The nurse is teaching a patient with chronic kidney disease who is receiving hemodialysis about
dietary modifications. Which menu selection indicates the patient understands the dietary
restrictions?
A. Cream of wheat, blueberries, coffee
B. Sausage and eggs, banana, orange juice
C. Bacon, cantaloupe melon, tomato juice
D. Cured pork, grits, strawberries, orange juice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis need to limit potassium,
phosphorus, and sodium. Cream of wheat is low in potassium and phosphorus, blueberries are
low in potassium, and coffee (in moderation) is acceptable . Option B is high in potassium
(banana, orange juice) and phosphorus (eggs, sausage). Option C is high in sodium (bacon),
potassium (cantaloupe, tomato juice), and phosphorus. Option D is high in sodium (cured pork)
and potassium (strawberries, orange juice) .
Question 8
Type: Multiple Choice
The nurse is providing education to an older adult about a healthy diet to support the
challenges related to aging. Which statement indicates a need for further education?
A. "I should choose foods that are nutrient-dense."
B. "High-fiber foods minimize the risk of constipation."
C. "I should eat more calories to avoid malnutrition."
D. "I can add spices to enhance the taste of food."
Correct Answer: C
50 Questions and Answers/100%
Correct/Graded A+.(Galen College of
Nursing)
Section I: Nutrition Fundamentals & Macronutrients (Questions 1-30)
Question 1
Type: Multiple Choice
The nurse is teaching a patient about macronutrients. Which statement by the patient indicates
correct understanding?
A. "Carbohydrates provide 9 calories per gram."
B. "Fats provide 4 calories per gram."
C. "Proteins provide 4 calories per gram."
D. "Vitamins provide 7 calories per gram."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proteins and carbohydrates each provide 4 kcal/gram, while fats provide 9
kcal/gram . Vitamins are micronutrients and do not provide calories. Option A is incorrect
because carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/gram, not 9. Option B is incorrect because fats provide 9
kcal/gram. Option D is incorrect because vitamins do not provide energy.
Question 2
Type: Multiple Choice
A patient asks the nurse about the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates.
Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A. "Simple carbohydrates provide sustained energy throughout the day."
B. "Complex carbohydrates are broken down and absorbed more quickly."
C. "Simple carbohydrates are absorbed quickly and provide a rapid energy source."
D. "Complex carbohydrates are found primarily in candy and soda."
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Simple carbohydrates are broken down and absorbed quickly, providing a rapid
source of energy . Complex carbohydrates (starches, glycogen, fiber) take longer to digest and
provide more sustained energy. Option A is incorrect because simple carbohydrates provide
quick, not sustained, energy. Option B is incorrect because complex carbohydrates are digested
more slowly. Option D is incorrect because complex carbohydrates are found in whole grains,
vegetables, and legumes, not candy and soda.
Question 3
Type: Multiple Choice
The nurse is assessing a patient's nutritional status. Which patient statement indicates a need
for further education about a balanced diet?
A. "I should include a variety of nutrient-dense foods."
B. "I should eliminate all carbohydrates from my diet."
C. "I should eat fruits and vegetables daily."
D. "I should choose whole grains over refined grains."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eliminating all carbohydrates is not a balanced approach to nutrition.
Carbohydrates are the body's primary energy source and should comprise approximately 45-
65% of daily caloric intake . Options A, C, and D all reflect accurate understanding of a balanced
diet.
Question 4
Type: Select All That Apply
The nurse is teaching a patient about dietary fiber. Which statements by the patient indicate
correct understanding? Select all that apply.
A. "Soluble fiber mixes with water to form a gel-like substance."
B. "Insoluble fiber helps prevent constipation by adding bulk."
C. "Fiber provides 4 calories per gram."
D. "Soluble fiber slows digestion and can help lower cholesterol."
E. "All fiber is digested and absorbed in the small intestine."
, Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale: Soluble fiber mixes with water to form a gel-like substance, slowing digestion and
helping lower cholesterol . Insoluble fiber does not retain water but adds bulk, promoting
passage of food through the digestive tract . Fiber is a complex carbohydrate that is largely
indigestible and does not provide significant calories through absorption (Option C is incorrect).
Fiber is not digested and absorbed in the small intestine (Option E is incorrect) .
Question 5
Type: Multiple Choice
The nurse is calculating the caloric intake for a patient who consumed 50 grams of protein, 200
grams of carbohydrates, and 30 grams of fat. What is the total caloric intake?
A. 1,170 calories
B. 1,270 calories
C. 1,320 calories
D. 1,450 calories
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Protein: 50 g × 4 kcal/g = 200 kcal. Carbohydrates: 200 g × 4 kcal/g = 800 kcal. Fat:
30 g × 9 kcal/g = 270 kcal. Total: 200 + 800 + 270 = 1,270 calories .
Question 6
Type: Multiple Choice
A patient with iron-deficiency anemia asks the nurse which foods should be included in the diet.
Which food selection indicates correct understanding?
A. Nuts and milk
B. Coffee and tea
C. Cooked rolled oats and fish
D. Oranges and dark green leafy vegetables
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oranges (rich in vitamin C) enhance iron absorption, and dark green leafy
vegetables (such as spinach) are good plant sources of iron . Options A and C contain some iron
, but are not the best sources. Option B is incorrect because coffee and tea contain tannins that
inhibit iron absorption. Option C is less optimal because plant sources of iron are less
bioavailable than animal sources, though fish does contain some iron.
Question 7
Type: Multiple Choice
The nurse is teaching a patient with chronic kidney disease who is receiving hemodialysis about
dietary modifications. Which menu selection indicates the patient understands the dietary
restrictions?
A. Cream of wheat, blueberries, coffee
B. Sausage and eggs, banana, orange juice
C. Bacon, cantaloupe melon, tomato juice
D. Cured pork, grits, strawberries, orange juice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis need to limit potassium,
phosphorus, and sodium. Cream of wheat is low in potassium and phosphorus, blueberries are
low in potassium, and coffee (in moderation) is acceptable . Option B is high in potassium
(banana, orange juice) and phosphorus (eggs, sausage). Option C is high in sodium (bacon),
potassium (cantaloupe, tomato juice), and phosphorus. Option D is high in sodium (cured pork)
and potassium (strawberries, orange juice) .
Question 8
Type: Multiple Choice
The nurse is providing education to an older adult about a healthy diet to support the
challenges related to aging. Which statement indicates a need for further education?
A. "I should choose foods that are nutrient-dense."
B. "High-fiber foods minimize the risk of constipation."
C. "I should eat more calories to avoid malnutrition."
D. "I can add spices to enhance the taste of food."
Correct Answer: C
