RD study guide - Jean Inman (2026/2027) | Actual Questions and
Answers Latest Updated 2026/2027 (Graded A+)
•
Serum Albumin
i. - ✔✔3.5-5.0 g/dl
ii. visceral protein
iii. maintains colloidal osmotic pressure
iv. hypoalbumiemia associated with edema, surgery
v. levels above range likely do to dehydration
vi. long half-life, doesn't reflect current protein intake
•
Serum Transferrin
i. - ✔✔>200 mg/dl
ii. visceral protein that transports iron to bone marrow for production of hemoglobin.
iii. serum levels controlled by iron storage pool
iv. levels rise with iron deficiency. transferrin synthesis
v. can be determined by TIBC= total iron binding capacity
•
TTHY
PAB
i. - ✔✔Transthyretin, Prealbumin
ii. 16-40 mg/dl
iii. Is considered best visceral protein to evaluate
iv. short half-life; detects changes in protein status quickly
v. during inflammation. liver synthesizes CRP at expense of PAB
•
RBP
i. - ✔✔Retinol-Binding Protein
ii. 3-6 mg/dl
iii. circulates with prealbumin, shortest half-life (12 hrs)
iv. binds and transports retinol
•
HCT
i. - ✔✔Hematocrit
ii. M: 42-52% F: 35-47% preg: 33%
iii. measures iron levels
iv. volume of packed cells in whole blood
,•
Hgb
i. - ✔✔Hemoglobin
ii. M:14-17 gm/dl F: 12-15 gm/dl preg: <11
iii. iron-containing pigment of red blood cells
iv. erythrocytes are produced in bone marrow
•
Serum Ferritin
i. - ✔✔M: 12-300 ng/ml F:10-150 ng/ml
ii. indicates size of iron storage pool
•
Serum Creatinine
i. - ✔✔0.6-1.4 mg/dl
ii. related to muscle mass, measures somatic protein
iii. may indicate renal disease, muscle wasting
iv. (serum creatinine + BUN = kidney fx)
•
CHI
i. - ✔✔Creatinine Height Index
ii. 80% normal
iii. ratio of creatinine excreted/24 hours to height
iv. estimates lean body mass-somatic protein
v. 60-80% mild muscle depletion
•
BUN
i. - ✔✔Blood Urea Nitrogen
ii. 10-20 mg/dl
iii. related to protein intake
iv. indicator of renal disease BUN: creatinine ratio normal: 10-15:1
•
Urinary Creatinine Clearance
i. - ✔✔115 +_ 20 ml/minute
ii. measures GFR- glomerular filtration, renal fx
iii. estimate includes body surface area (ht and wt)
•
TLC
i. - ✔✔Total Lymphocyte count
ii. >2700 cells/cu mm
,iii. measures immunocompetency
iv. moderate depletion 900-1800
v. severe depletion <900
vi. decreased in protein-energy malnutrition
•
CRP
i. - ✔✔C-reactive protein
ii. marker of acute inflammatory stress
iii. as it declines, indicates when nutritional therapy would be beneficial
iv. when elevated CRP decreases, PAB increases
•
FEP
i. - ✔✔Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin
ii. direct measure of toxic effects of lead on heme synthesis. Increases in lead poisoning.
Lead depletes iron leading to anemia, and displaces calcium in the bone leading to zinc
deficiency
•
PT
i. - ✔✔Prothrombin time
ii. 11.0-12.5 seconds; 85-100% of normal
iii. anticoagulants prolong PT
iv. evaluates clotting adequacy; change in vitamin K intake will alter rate
•
True or False: Hair analysis is useful for nutritional assessment.
i. - ✔✔False
ii. Hair analysis is not for nutritional assessment, but is useful in measuring intake of toxic
metals
•
megestrol acetate
- ✔✔appetite stimulant
•
oral contraceptives
- ✔✔decrease folate, B6, C
•
loop diuretics
- ✔✔deplete thiamin, K, Mg, Ca, Na
, •
thiazide diuretics
- ✔✔decrease K and Mg, absorb Ca
•
methotrexate
- ✔✔decrease folate
•
lithium carbonate
i. - ✔✔antidepressant
ii. increased appetite, weight gain; maintain consistent Na and caffeine intake to stabilize
levels.
•
warfarin
i. - ✔✔anticoagulant
ii. antagonizes vitamin K- consistent levels essential
•
propofol
- ✔✔administered in oil = 1.1 cals/cc
•
isoniazid
i. - ✔✔treats TB
ii. do not take with food, interferes with vitamin D
•
cyclosporine
i. - ✔✔immunosuppressant
ii. hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypertension
•
Elavil
i. - ✔✔antidepressant
ii. sedative effect, weight gain
•
vitamin B6 and protein
i. - ✔✔decreased effectiveness of levodopa
ii. take drug in morning with limited protein
•
tyramine
- ✔✔hypertension if taken with MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitor)
Answers Latest Updated 2026/2027 (Graded A+)
•
Serum Albumin
i. - ✔✔3.5-5.0 g/dl
ii. visceral protein
iii. maintains colloidal osmotic pressure
iv. hypoalbumiemia associated with edema, surgery
v. levels above range likely do to dehydration
vi. long half-life, doesn't reflect current protein intake
•
Serum Transferrin
i. - ✔✔>200 mg/dl
ii. visceral protein that transports iron to bone marrow for production of hemoglobin.
iii. serum levels controlled by iron storage pool
iv. levels rise with iron deficiency. transferrin synthesis
v. can be determined by TIBC= total iron binding capacity
•
TTHY
PAB
i. - ✔✔Transthyretin, Prealbumin
ii. 16-40 mg/dl
iii. Is considered best visceral protein to evaluate
iv. short half-life; detects changes in protein status quickly
v. during inflammation. liver synthesizes CRP at expense of PAB
•
RBP
i. - ✔✔Retinol-Binding Protein
ii. 3-6 mg/dl
iii. circulates with prealbumin, shortest half-life (12 hrs)
iv. binds and transports retinol
•
HCT
i. - ✔✔Hematocrit
ii. M: 42-52% F: 35-47% preg: 33%
iii. measures iron levels
iv. volume of packed cells in whole blood
,•
Hgb
i. - ✔✔Hemoglobin
ii. M:14-17 gm/dl F: 12-15 gm/dl preg: <11
iii. iron-containing pigment of red blood cells
iv. erythrocytes are produced in bone marrow
•
Serum Ferritin
i. - ✔✔M: 12-300 ng/ml F:10-150 ng/ml
ii. indicates size of iron storage pool
•
Serum Creatinine
i. - ✔✔0.6-1.4 mg/dl
ii. related to muscle mass, measures somatic protein
iii. may indicate renal disease, muscle wasting
iv. (serum creatinine + BUN = kidney fx)
•
CHI
i. - ✔✔Creatinine Height Index
ii. 80% normal
iii. ratio of creatinine excreted/24 hours to height
iv. estimates lean body mass-somatic protein
v. 60-80% mild muscle depletion
•
BUN
i. - ✔✔Blood Urea Nitrogen
ii. 10-20 mg/dl
iii. related to protein intake
iv. indicator of renal disease BUN: creatinine ratio normal: 10-15:1
•
Urinary Creatinine Clearance
i. - ✔✔115 +_ 20 ml/minute
ii. measures GFR- glomerular filtration, renal fx
iii. estimate includes body surface area (ht and wt)
•
TLC
i. - ✔✔Total Lymphocyte count
ii. >2700 cells/cu mm
,iii. measures immunocompetency
iv. moderate depletion 900-1800
v. severe depletion <900
vi. decreased in protein-energy malnutrition
•
CRP
i. - ✔✔C-reactive protein
ii. marker of acute inflammatory stress
iii. as it declines, indicates when nutritional therapy would be beneficial
iv. when elevated CRP decreases, PAB increases
•
FEP
i. - ✔✔Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin
ii. direct measure of toxic effects of lead on heme synthesis. Increases in lead poisoning.
Lead depletes iron leading to anemia, and displaces calcium in the bone leading to zinc
deficiency
•
PT
i. - ✔✔Prothrombin time
ii. 11.0-12.5 seconds; 85-100% of normal
iii. anticoagulants prolong PT
iv. evaluates clotting adequacy; change in vitamin K intake will alter rate
•
True or False: Hair analysis is useful for nutritional assessment.
i. - ✔✔False
ii. Hair analysis is not for nutritional assessment, but is useful in measuring intake of toxic
metals
•
megestrol acetate
- ✔✔appetite stimulant
•
oral contraceptives
- ✔✔decrease folate, B6, C
•
loop diuretics
- ✔✔deplete thiamin, K, Mg, Ca, Na
, •
thiazide diuretics
- ✔✔decrease K and Mg, absorb Ca
•
methotrexate
- ✔✔decrease folate
•
lithium carbonate
i. - ✔✔antidepressant
ii. increased appetite, weight gain; maintain consistent Na and caffeine intake to stabilize
levels.
•
warfarin
i. - ✔✔anticoagulant
ii. antagonizes vitamin K- consistent levels essential
•
propofol
- ✔✔administered in oil = 1.1 cals/cc
•
isoniazid
i. - ✔✔treats TB
ii. do not take with food, interferes with vitamin D
•
cyclosporine
i. - ✔✔immunosuppressant
ii. hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypertension
•
Elavil
i. - ✔✔antidepressant
ii. sedative effect, weight gain
•
vitamin B6 and protein
i. - ✔✔decreased effectiveness of levodopa
ii. take drug in morning with limited protein
•
tyramine
- ✔✔hypertension if taken with MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitor)
