NERC RC Final Exam | Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2026/2027 (Graded A+)

NERC RC Final Exam | Actual Questions and Answers Latest
Updated 2026/2027 (Graded A+)

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What is ACE?
i. - ✔✔(NIa - NIs) - 10β(fa - fs) - Ime
ii. Calculated every 6 seconds
iii. Uses Tie line Frequency Bias


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What is Tie line deviation?
- ✔✔Largest offset to ACE


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What is NIA?
- ✔✔Net Interchange Actual (sum of all tie-line values)


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What is NIS?
- ✔✔Net Interchange Scheduled (sum of all interchange schedules)


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What is the multiplier for frequency bias?
- ✔✔10


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What is β?
- ✔✔Frequency bias - represented as negative number in ACE calculation - reflects area natural
response to frequency changes (Inertia, Governor, Load) - atleast 1% of annual peak load for
areas with native load - 1% of peak generation output for area with no load


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What is FA?
- ✔✔Frequency Actual


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What is FS?
- ✔✔Frequency Schedule - normally 60.00 HZ except for time corrections - +/- .02 Hz


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What is IME?
i. - ✔✔Meter error

,ii. fudge factor
iii. used for inadvertent bilateral payback
iv. Negligible


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What should be done if unable to calculate ACE for 30 minutes?
- ✔✔Contact RC


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How often should time error and frequency devices be checked/calibrated?
- ✔✔Annually


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Negative Ace
- ✔✔The BA is Undergenerating


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Positve ACE
- ✔✔The BA is Overgenerating


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What happens during Internal Loss of Load?
- ✔✔Frequency and ACE increase.


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What happens during External Loss of Load?
- ✔✔Frequency increases, no change in ACE.


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What is the Frequency Bias Setting?
- ✔✔Monthly average >= 1% of estimated yearly peak demand per 0.1 Hz


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When should the Balancing Authority recalculate its Frequency Bias Setting?
- ✔✔By January 1 of each year


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What happens when there is internal generation loss?
- ✔✔Frequency and ACE drop, tie-line flows increase into the system


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What happens when there is external generation loss?

, - ✔✔Frequency drops, no change in ACE, net tie-line flows increase out of the system


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What happens when Frequency bias setting is lower than frequency response?
- ✔✔ACE will be positive causing the AGC to lower generation


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What is the percentage change in load required for a 1% change in frequency?
- ✔✔1% - 2% change in load


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What is the load reduction when Transmission Customer Voltage is reduced by 5%?
- ✔✔Load will reduce by 3%


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What happens to ACE and AGC when the frequency bias setting is set to a less negative value than the
frequency response of a Balancing Authority and a frequency increase is caused by a sudden loss of load
in an external balancing area?
- ✔✔ACE will be a negative value and AGC will increase generation


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What happens to ACE and AGC when the frequency bias setting is less negative than the frequency
response of a Balancing Authority and a frequency decline is caused by a sudden loss of generation in an
external balancing area?
- ✔✔ACE will be a positive value and AGC will lower generation


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What is the normal schedule frequency?
- ✔✔60.00 Hz


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What is the frequency correction for fast clock schedule?
- ✔✔59.98 Hz


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What is the frequency corrections for a slow clock schedule?
- ✔✔60.02 Hz


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When does frequency increase?
- ✔✔Generation increases or load decreases


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