NR601 EXAM 3: COMPREHENSIVE
GERIATRIC PRIMARY CARE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
(LATEST ), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. An 82-year-old male with HFrEF (EF 30%) presents with increased dyspnea and 2+ bilateral
pitting edema. He is currently on Lisinopril 10mg and Carvedilol 6.25mg BID. What is the most
appropriate next step in pharmacological management?
A. Increase the dose of Carvedilol to 12.5mg BID
B. Refer for immediate cardiac catheterization
C. Discontinue Lisinopril and start an ARB
D. Initiate Furosemide 20mg daily and monitor electrolytes
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: In decompensated heart failure with fluid overload (edema,
dyspnea), diuretics are the first-line treatment to achieve euvolemia. Beta-blockers should
not be uptitrated during acute decompensation.
2. Which of the following cognitive assessment tools is specifically designed to detect mild
cognitive impairment (MCI) and is more sensitive than the MMSE for this purpose?
A. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
,B. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
C. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
D. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The MoCA is more sensitive than the MMSE for detecting mild
cognitive impairment (MCI) because it tests more executive function and complex language
tasks.
3. A 78-year-old female presents with acute onset confusion, fluctuating consciousness, and
visual hallucinations over the last 48 hours. She was recently treated for a UTI. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
A. Alzheimer’s Disease
B. Vascular Dementia
C. Delirium
D. Lewy Body Dementia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Acute onset, fluctuating course, and association with a medical
trigger (UTI) are hallmarks of delirium, distinguishing it from the gradual decline of
dementia.
, 4. According to the Beers Criteria, which medication class should be avoided in older adults
with a history of falls or fractures due to increased risk of ataxia and syncope?
A. Proton Pump Inhibitors
B. ACE Inhibitors
C. Benzodiazepines
D. Statins
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Benzodiazepines increase the risk of falls, fractures, and motor
vehicle accidents in the elderly due to their sedative effects and impact on balance.
5. A patient’s lab results show a GFR of 42 mL/min/1.73m² maintained for over 4 months.
According to the KDIGO classification, what stage of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) does this
represent?
A. Stage 2
B. Stage 3a
C. Stage 3b
D. Stage 4
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Stage 3b CKD is defined by a GFR between 30-44
mL/min/1.73m².
GERIATRIC PRIMARY CARE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
(LATEST ), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. An 82-year-old male with HFrEF (EF 30%) presents with increased dyspnea and 2+ bilateral
pitting edema. He is currently on Lisinopril 10mg and Carvedilol 6.25mg BID. What is the most
appropriate next step in pharmacological management?
A. Increase the dose of Carvedilol to 12.5mg BID
B. Refer for immediate cardiac catheterization
C. Discontinue Lisinopril and start an ARB
D. Initiate Furosemide 20mg daily and monitor electrolytes
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: In decompensated heart failure with fluid overload (edema,
dyspnea), diuretics are the first-line treatment to achieve euvolemia. Beta-blockers should
not be uptitrated during acute decompensation.
2. Which of the following cognitive assessment tools is specifically designed to detect mild
cognitive impairment (MCI) and is more sensitive than the MMSE for this purpose?
A. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
,B. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
C. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
D. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The MoCA is more sensitive than the MMSE for detecting mild
cognitive impairment (MCI) because it tests more executive function and complex language
tasks.
3. A 78-year-old female presents with acute onset confusion, fluctuating consciousness, and
visual hallucinations over the last 48 hours. She was recently treated for a UTI. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
A. Alzheimer’s Disease
B. Vascular Dementia
C. Delirium
D. Lewy Body Dementia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Acute onset, fluctuating course, and association with a medical
trigger (UTI) are hallmarks of delirium, distinguishing it from the gradual decline of
dementia.
, 4. According to the Beers Criteria, which medication class should be avoided in older adults
with a history of falls or fractures due to increased risk of ataxia and syncope?
A. Proton Pump Inhibitors
B. ACE Inhibitors
C. Benzodiazepines
D. Statins
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Benzodiazepines increase the risk of falls, fractures, and motor
vehicle accidents in the elderly due to their sedative effects and impact on balance.
5. A patient’s lab results show a GFR of 42 mL/min/1.73m² maintained for over 4 months.
According to the KDIGO classification, what stage of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) does this
represent?
A. Stage 2
B. Stage 3a
C. Stage 3b
D. Stage 4
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Stage 3b CKD is defined by a GFR between 30-44
mL/min/1.73m².
