ATI Pharmacology Practice Exam A 2023
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has heart failure and a new
prescription for captopril. Which of the following client statements indicates an
understanding of the teaching?
a. "I should take this medication with food."
b. "I should take naproxen if I develop joint pain."
c. "I should tell my provider if I develop a sore throat."
d. "I should expect the medication to cause my urine to look orange." - c. "I should tell
my provider if I develop a sore throat."
The client should report a sore throat to the provider because this can indicate
neutropenia, a serious adverse effect of captopril. Neutropenia can be reversed if it is
identified early and the medication is promptly discontinued.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has peptic ulcer disease and is to start a
new prescription for sucralfate. Which of the following actions of sucralfate should the
nurse include in the teaching?
a. Decreases stomach acid and secretion
b. Neutralizes acid in the stomach
c. Forms a protective barrier
d. Treats ulcers by eradicating H. pylori - C. For a a protective barrier over ulcers
Secretions by the parietal chief cells, hydrochloric acid and pepsin, can further irritate
the ulcerated areas. Sucralfate, a mucosal protectant, forms a gel-like substance that
coats the ulcer, creating a barrier to hydrochloric acid and pepsin.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has multiple sclerosis and a new
prescription for methylprednisolone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse
include? (SATA)
a. Blood glucose levels will be monitored during therapy
b. Avoid contact with people who have known infections
c. Take the medication 1 hr before breakfast
d. Decrease dietary intake of foods containing potassium
e. Grapefruit juice can increase the effects of the medication - a. Blood glucose levels
will be monitored during therapy
b. Avoid contact with people who have known infections
e. Grapefruit juice can increase the effects of the medication
a. The nurse should monitor the client for hyperglycemia while providing
methylprednisolone to the client. Glucocorticoids, such as methylprednisolone, increase
serum glucose levels and can require management with insulin or antihyperglycemia.
,b. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid exposures to infectious agents, such as
contact with those who have active infections or illnesses. Glucocorticoids, which as
methylprednisolone, depress the immune system, placing the client at an increased risk
for developing an infection.
e. The nurse should in strict the client that grapefruit and grapefruit juice can increase
the level of methylprednisolone in the body.
The nurse is providing discharge teaching about handling medication to a client who is
to continue taking oral transmucosal fentanyl raspberry-flavored lozenges on a stick.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. Chew on the medication stick to release the medication
b. Leave the medication stick in one location of the mouth until melted
c. Allow the medication 1 hr for the analgesia effects to begin
d. Store unused medication sticks in a storage container - d. Store unused medication
sticks in a storage container
The nurse should instruct the client to store unused, or partially used, medications sticks
in the safe storage container that comes in the kit when the medication is initially
prescribed.
A nurse is reviewing the ECG of a client who is receiving IV furosemide for heart failure.
The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of
hypokalemia?
a. Tall, tented T waves
b. Presence of U waves
c. Widened QRS complex
d. ST elevation - b. Presence of U waves
A nurse is caring for a client and is taking oral morphine and docusate sodium. The
nurse should instruct the client that taking the docusate sodium daily can minimize
which of the following adverse effects of morphine?
a. Constipation
b. Drowsiness
c. Facial flushing
d. Itching - a. Constipation
Constipation is a common adverse effect of morphine that can be minimized by taking
docusate sodium, a stool softener that promotes easier evacuation of stool by
increasing water and fat in the intestine.
A nurse is planning care for a client who is receiving mannitol via continuous IV infusion.
The nurse should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
, a. Weight loss
b. Increased intraocular pressure
c. Auditory hallucinations
d. Bibasilar crackles - d. Bibasilar crackles
Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, can precipitate heart failure and pulmonary edema,
therefore, the nurse should recognize lung crackles as an indication of a potential
complication and stop the infusion.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a gastric ulcer and a new prescription
for ranitidine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
a. "Take the medication on an empty stomach for full effectiveness."
b. " You may discontinue this medication when stomach discomfort subsides."
c. "Report yellowing of the skin."
d. "Store the medication in the refrigerator." - c. "Report yellowing of the skin."
Ranitidine can be hapatotoxic and cause jaundice. The nurse should instruct the client
to monitor for and report yellowing of the skin or eyes to the provider.
A nurse is assessing a client after the administering a second dose of cefazolin IV. The
nurse notes the client has anxiety, hypotension, and dyspnea. Which of the following
medications should the nurse administer first?
a. Diphenhydramine
b. Albuterol inhaler
c. Epinephrine
d. Prednisole - c. Epinephrine
According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should administer epinephrine first to
induce vasoconstriction and bronchodilation during anaphylaxis.
A nurse is planning care for a client who has hypertension and is to start taking
metoprolol. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of
care?
a. Weight the client weekly
b. Determine apical pulse prior to administering
c. Administer the medication 30 min prior to breakfast
d. Monitor the client for jaundice - b. Determine the apical pulse prior to administering
Life-threatening bradycardia is an adverse effect that might affect the client. Therefore,
the nurse should assess the client's apical pulse prior to administering the medication. If
the client's pulse rate is less than 60/min, the nurse should withhold the medication and
notify the provider.
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has heart failure and a new
prescription for captopril. Which of the following client statements indicates an
understanding of the teaching?
a. "I should take this medication with food."
b. "I should take naproxen if I develop joint pain."
c. "I should tell my provider if I develop a sore throat."
d. "I should expect the medication to cause my urine to look orange." - c. "I should tell
my provider if I develop a sore throat."
The client should report a sore throat to the provider because this can indicate
neutropenia, a serious adverse effect of captopril. Neutropenia can be reversed if it is
identified early and the medication is promptly discontinued.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has peptic ulcer disease and is to start a
new prescription for sucralfate. Which of the following actions of sucralfate should the
nurse include in the teaching?
a. Decreases stomach acid and secretion
b. Neutralizes acid in the stomach
c. Forms a protective barrier
d. Treats ulcers by eradicating H. pylori - C. For a a protective barrier over ulcers
Secretions by the parietal chief cells, hydrochloric acid and pepsin, can further irritate
the ulcerated areas. Sucralfate, a mucosal protectant, forms a gel-like substance that
coats the ulcer, creating a barrier to hydrochloric acid and pepsin.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has multiple sclerosis and a new
prescription for methylprednisolone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse
include? (SATA)
a. Blood glucose levels will be monitored during therapy
b. Avoid contact with people who have known infections
c. Take the medication 1 hr before breakfast
d. Decrease dietary intake of foods containing potassium
e. Grapefruit juice can increase the effects of the medication - a. Blood glucose levels
will be monitored during therapy
b. Avoid contact with people who have known infections
e. Grapefruit juice can increase the effects of the medication
a. The nurse should monitor the client for hyperglycemia while providing
methylprednisolone to the client. Glucocorticoids, such as methylprednisolone, increase
serum glucose levels and can require management with insulin or antihyperglycemia.
,b. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid exposures to infectious agents, such as
contact with those who have active infections or illnesses. Glucocorticoids, which as
methylprednisolone, depress the immune system, placing the client at an increased risk
for developing an infection.
e. The nurse should in strict the client that grapefruit and grapefruit juice can increase
the level of methylprednisolone in the body.
The nurse is providing discharge teaching about handling medication to a client who is
to continue taking oral transmucosal fentanyl raspberry-flavored lozenges on a stick.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. Chew on the medication stick to release the medication
b. Leave the medication stick in one location of the mouth until melted
c. Allow the medication 1 hr for the analgesia effects to begin
d. Store unused medication sticks in a storage container - d. Store unused medication
sticks in a storage container
The nurse should instruct the client to store unused, or partially used, medications sticks
in the safe storage container that comes in the kit when the medication is initially
prescribed.
A nurse is reviewing the ECG of a client who is receiving IV furosemide for heart failure.
The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of
hypokalemia?
a. Tall, tented T waves
b. Presence of U waves
c. Widened QRS complex
d. ST elevation - b. Presence of U waves
A nurse is caring for a client and is taking oral morphine and docusate sodium. The
nurse should instruct the client that taking the docusate sodium daily can minimize
which of the following adverse effects of morphine?
a. Constipation
b. Drowsiness
c. Facial flushing
d. Itching - a. Constipation
Constipation is a common adverse effect of morphine that can be minimized by taking
docusate sodium, a stool softener that promotes easier evacuation of stool by
increasing water and fat in the intestine.
A nurse is planning care for a client who is receiving mannitol via continuous IV infusion.
The nurse should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
, a. Weight loss
b. Increased intraocular pressure
c. Auditory hallucinations
d. Bibasilar crackles - d. Bibasilar crackles
Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, can precipitate heart failure and pulmonary edema,
therefore, the nurse should recognize lung crackles as an indication of a potential
complication and stop the infusion.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a gastric ulcer and a new prescription
for ranitidine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
a. "Take the medication on an empty stomach for full effectiveness."
b. " You may discontinue this medication when stomach discomfort subsides."
c. "Report yellowing of the skin."
d. "Store the medication in the refrigerator." - c. "Report yellowing of the skin."
Ranitidine can be hapatotoxic and cause jaundice. The nurse should instruct the client
to monitor for and report yellowing of the skin or eyes to the provider.
A nurse is assessing a client after the administering a second dose of cefazolin IV. The
nurse notes the client has anxiety, hypotension, and dyspnea. Which of the following
medications should the nurse administer first?
a. Diphenhydramine
b. Albuterol inhaler
c. Epinephrine
d. Prednisole - c. Epinephrine
According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should administer epinephrine first to
induce vasoconstriction and bronchodilation during anaphylaxis.
A nurse is planning care for a client who has hypertension and is to start taking
metoprolol. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of
care?
a. Weight the client weekly
b. Determine apical pulse prior to administering
c. Administer the medication 30 min prior to breakfast
d. Monitor the client for jaundice - b. Determine the apical pulse prior to administering
Life-threatening bradycardia is an adverse effect that might affect the client. Therefore,
the nurse should assess the client's apical pulse prior to administering the medication. If
the client's pulse rate is less than 60/min, the nurse should withhold the medication and
notify the provider.
