APHY 102 Ch. 18: Vitamins and Minerals
and their Functions (Nutrition and
Metabolism) questions and answers
Fat-Soluble oVitamins o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Dissolve oin ofats; oresistant oto oheat; onot
ooften odestroyed oby ocooking oand/or ofood oprocessing. oIncludes oVitamins oA, oD, oE oand
oK.
Vitamin oA o- oCORRECT oANSWER-An oantioxidant onecessary ofor osynthesis oof ovisual
opigments, omucoproteins, oand omucopolysaccharides; ofor onormal odevelopment oof obones
oand oteeth; oand ofor omaintenance oof oepithelial ocells.
Vitamin oD o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Promotes oabsorption oof ocalcium oand ophosphorus;
opromotes odevelopment oof oteeth oand obones.
Vitamin oE o- oCORRECT oANSWER-An oantioxidant; oprevents ooxidation oof oVitamin oA oand
opolyunsaturated ofatty oacids; omy ohelp omaintain ostability oof ocell omembranes.
Vitamin oK o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Required ofor osynthesis oof oprothrombin, owhich
ofunctions oin oblood oclotting.
Water-Soluble oVitamins o- oCORRECT oANSWER-B oVitamins oand oVitamin oC; oCooking
oand ofood oprocessing odestroy osome oof othem; oB ovitamins oare oessential ofor onormal
ocellular ometabolism; omost oare ocoenzymes oin ometabolic oreactions oof ocarbohydrates,
ofats, oand oproteins.
Minerals o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Inorganic oelements othat oare oessential oin ometabolism;
oObtained ofrom oplant ofoods oor oanimals othat ohave oeaten oplants; omake oup o~4% oof obody
oweight.
Major oMinerals o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Calcium, oPhosphorus, oPotassium, oSulfur,
oSodium, oChlorine, oand oMagnesium.
Calcium o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Structure oof obones oand oteeth; oessential ofor
oneurotransmitter orelease, omuscle ofiber ocontraction, othe ocardiac oaction opotential, oand
oblood ocoagulation; oactivates ocertain oenzymes.
Phosphorus o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Structures oof obones oand oteeth; ocomponent oof
onearly oall ometabolic oreactions; oin onucleic oacids, omany oproteins, osome oenzymes, oand
osome ovitamins; oin ocell omembrane, oATP, oand ophosphates oof obody ofluids.
Potassium o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Helps omaintain ointracellular oosmotic opressure oand
oregulates opH; orequired ofor oimpulse oconduction oin oneurons.
and their Functions (Nutrition and
Metabolism) questions and answers
Fat-Soluble oVitamins o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Dissolve oin ofats; oresistant oto oheat; onot
ooften odestroyed oby ocooking oand/or ofood oprocessing. oIncludes oVitamins oA, oD, oE oand
oK.
Vitamin oA o- oCORRECT oANSWER-An oantioxidant onecessary ofor osynthesis oof ovisual
opigments, omucoproteins, oand omucopolysaccharides; ofor onormal odevelopment oof obones
oand oteeth; oand ofor omaintenance oof oepithelial ocells.
Vitamin oD o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Promotes oabsorption oof ocalcium oand ophosphorus;
opromotes odevelopment oof oteeth oand obones.
Vitamin oE o- oCORRECT oANSWER-An oantioxidant; oprevents ooxidation oof oVitamin oA oand
opolyunsaturated ofatty oacids; omy ohelp omaintain ostability oof ocell omembranes.
Vitamin oK o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Required ofor osynthesis oof oprothrombin, owhich
ofunctions oin oblood oclotting.
Water-Soluble oVitamins o- oCORRECT oANSWER-B oVitamins oand oVitamin oC; oCooking
oand ofood oprocessing odestroy osome oof othem; oB ovitamins oare oessential ofor onormal
ocellular ometabolism; omost oare ocoenzymes oin ometabolic oreactions oof ocarbohydrates,
ofats, oand oproteins.
Minerals o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Inorganic oelements othat oare oessential oin ometabolism;
oObtained ofrom oplant ofoods oor oanimals othat ohave oeaten oplants; omake oup o~4% oof obody
oweight.
Major oMinerals o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Calcium, oPhosphorus, oPotassium, oSulfur,
oSodium, oChlorine, oand oMagnesium.
Calcium o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Structure oof obones oand oteeth; oessential ofor
oneurotransmitter orelease, omuscle ofiber ocontraction, othe ocardiac oaction opotential, oand
oblood ocoagulation; oactivates ocertain oenzymes.
Phosphorus o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Structures oof obones oand oteeth; ocomponent oof
onearly oall ometabolic oreactions; oin onucleic oacids, omany oproteins, osome oenzymes, oand
osome ovitamins; oin ocell omembrane, oATP, oand ophosphates oof obody ofluids.
Potassium o- oCORRECT oANSWER-Helps omaintain ointracellular oosmotic opressure oand
oregulates opH; orequired ofor oimpulse oconduction oin oneurons.
