BIOS 256 FINAL FULL SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
◉ What is a split-skin graft?
Answer: A graft that involves taking epidermis and part of the
dermis from an undamaged area, such as the thigh or buttocks.
◉ How can joints be classified?
Answer: -Structurally
-Functionally
◉ What are the three structural classifications of joints?
Answer: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial.
-Fibrous
-Cartilaginous
-Synovial
◉ What type of joint is characterized by no movement?
Answer: -Synarthroses/fibrous
-Ex: sutures, syndemsoses & gomphoses
◉ What type of joint allows for little movement?
,Answer: -Amphiarthroses/cartilaginous
-Ex: synchondrosis, symphyses, intervertebral discs
◉ What type of joint is freely movable?
Answer: -Diarthroses/synovial
-Ex: hip, knee, shoulder, elbow
◉ What is the structure of a synovial joint?
Answer: -A joint where two bones are separated by a joint cavity
-Allows free movement.
◉ What are the properties of muscular tissue?
Answer: -Excitability
-Contractility
-Extensibility
-Elasticity
◉ What is the role of ATP in muscle fibers?
Answer: -Contraction
-Pumps calcium in sarcoplasmic reticulum
◉ What is an isotonic contraction?
,Answer: Tension remains constant while the muscle changes length.
◉ What is an isometric contraction?
Answer: Tension is not enough to move the object, and the muscle
does not change length.
◉ Tendon
Answer: Muscle to bone
◉ Ligament
Answer: Bone to bone
◉ What is the origin in muscle attachment?
Answer: Tendon to the stationary bone.
◉ What is the insertion in muscle attachment?
Answer: Tendon to the movable bone.
◉ What is an agonist muscle?
Answer: The muscle that is contracting.
◉ What is an antagonist muscle?
, Answer: The muscle that is relaxing or lengthening.
◉ What is a synergist muscle?
Answer: The muscle that assists in contraction.
◉ What role does the nervous system play in homeostasis?
Answer: It helps maintain controlled conditions within limits that
support health.
◉ What is the primary function of the nervous system?
Answer: Responsible for rapid responses.
◉ How does the endocrine system's response differ from the
nervous system's response?
Answer: The endocrine system's response is delayed and has a long-
term effect.
◉ Which spinal nerves comprise the cervical plexus?
Answer: C1-C5
Neck, upper shoulders & parts of the head
◉ What is the mnemonic for the brachial plexus, and what spinal
nerves does it include?
◉ What is a split-skin graft?
Answer: A graft that involves taking epidermis and part of the
dermis from an undamaged area, such as the thigh or buttocks.
◉ How can joints be classified?
Answer: -Structurally
-Functionally
◉ What are the three structural classifications of joints?
Answer: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial.
-Fibrous
-Cartilaginous
-Synovial
◉ What type of joint is characterized by no movement?
Answer: -Synarthroses/fibrous
-Ex: sutures, syndemsoses & gomphoses
◉ What type of joint allows for little movement?
,Answer: -Amphiarthroses/cartilaginous
-Ex: synchondrosis, symphyses, intervertebral discs
◉ What type of joint is freely movable?
Answer: -Diarthroses/synovial
-Ex: hip, knee, shoulder, elbow
◉ What is the structure of a synovial joint?
Answer: -A joint where two bones are separated by a joint cavity
-Allows free movement.
◉ What are the properties of muscular tissue?
Answer: -Excitability
-Contractility
-Extensibility
-Elasticity
◉ What is the role of ATP in muscle fibers?
Answer: -Contraction
-Pumps calcium in sarcoplasmic reticulum
◉ What is an isotonic contraction?
,Answer: Tension remains constant while the muscle changes length.
◉ What is an isometric contraction?
Answer: Tension is not enough to move the object, and the muscle
does not change length.
◉ Tendon
Answer: Muscle to bone
◉ Ligament
Answer: Bone to bone
◉ What is the origin in muscle attachment?
Answer: Tendon to the stationary bone.
◉ What is the insertion in muscle attachment?
Answer: Tendon to the movable bone.
◉ What is an agonist muscle?
Answer: The muscle that is contracting.
◉ What is an antagonist muscle?
, Answer: The muscle that is relaxing or lengthening.
◉ What is a synergist muscle?
Answer: The muscle that assists in contraction.
◉ What role does the nervous system play in homeostasis?
Answer: It helps maintain controlled conditions within limits that
support health.
◉ What is the primary function of the nervous system?
Answer: Responsible for rapid responses.
◉ How does the endocrine system's response differ from the
nervous system's response?
Answer: The endocrine system's response is delayed and has a long-
term effect.
◉ Which spinal nerves comprise the cervical plexus?
Answer: C1-C5
Neck, upper shoulders & parts of the head
◉ What is the mnemonic for the brachial plexus, and what spinal
nerves does it include?
