1
PNM300 EXAM 2026/2027 | NURSING | 100
VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES |
PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: MATERNAL-NEWBORN NURSING FUNDAMENTALS - Questions 1-15
Q1: Prenatal Care
The student is reviewing prenatal care. What is the purpose of prenatal care?
A. To monitor maternal and fetal health throughout pregnancy
B. To ensure a cesarean delivery
C. To replace all medications
D. To eliminate all complications
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prenatal care monitors maternal and fetal health, identifies risk factors, provides
education, and promotes optimal outcomes for both mother and baby. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Gravida and Para
The student is reviewing obstetric terminology. What does gravida refer to?
A. The number of pregnancies a woman has had
B. The number of deliveries a woman has had
C. The number of living children
D. The number of miscarriages
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gravida refers to the total number of pregnancies, including the current one. Para refers
to the number of births after 20 weeks gestation. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: GTPAL
The student is reviewing obstetric terminology. What does GTPAL stand for?
A. Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living children
B. Gravida, Term, Para, Abortions, Living children
C. Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living children
D. Gravida, Term, Preterm, Age, Living children
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: GTPAL: Gravida, Term births, Preterm births, Abortions (spontaneous or elective), Living
children. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Estimated Date of Delivery
The student is reviewing pregnancy dating. How is the estimated date of delivery (EDD) calculated
,2
using Naegele's rule?
A. First day of last menstrual period minus 3 months plus 7 days
B. First day of last menstrual period plus 3 months minus 7 days
C. Last day of last menstrual period minus 3 months plus 7 days
D. Last day of last menstrual period plus 3 months minus 7 days
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naegele's rule: Take the first day of the last menstrual period, subtract 3 months, and add
7 days to estimate the delivery date. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Fetal Development
The student is reviewing fetal development. When does the fetal heart begin to beat?
A. 2 weeks
B. 5-6 weeks
C. 12 weeks
D. 20 weeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fetal heart begins to beat at approximately 5-6 weeks gestation and can be detected
by ultrasound. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Fetal Circulation
The student is reviewing fetal circulation. What is the purpose of the ductus arteriosus?
A. To bypass the fetal lungs
B. To bypass the fetal liver
C. To bypass the fetal kidneys
D. To bypass the fetal brain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the fetal
lungs. It closes after birth. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Fetal Circulation
The student is reviewing fetal circulation. What is the purpose of the foramen ovale?
A. To bypass the fetal lungs
B. To bypass the fetal liver
C. To bypass the fetal kidneys
D. To bypass the fetal brain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The foramen ovale is an opening between the atria that allows blood to bypass the fetal
lungs. It closes after birth. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Fetal Circulation
The student is reviewing fetal circulation. What is the purpose of the ductus venosus?
, 3
A. To bypass the fetal lungs
B. To bypass the fetal liver
C. To bypass the fetal kidneys
D. To bypass the fetal brain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the
fetal liver. It closes after birth. [100% CORRECT]
Q9: Placenta
The student is reviewing placenta. What is the function of the placenta?
A. To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and remove waste products
B. To produce red blood cells
C. To produce white blood cells
D. To produce platelets
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, removes waste products, and
produces hormones (hCG, progesterone, estrogen). [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Amniotic Fluid
The student is reviewing amniotic fluid. What is the function of amniotic fluid?
A. To cushion the fetus and maintain temperature
B. To provide oxygen
C. To provide nutrients
D. To produce hormones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amniotic fluid cushions the fetus, maintains temperature, allows movement, and
prevents cord compression. [100% CORRECT]
Q11: Umbilical Cord
The student is reviewing umbilical cord. How many vessels are in the umbilical cord?
A. One artery and one vein
B. Two arteries and one vein
C. One artery and two veins
D. Two arteries and two veins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein. The vein carries oxygenated blood
to the fetus; the arteries carry deoxygenated blood back to the placenta. [100% CORRECT]
Q12: Pregnancy Hormones
The student is reviewing pregnancy hormones. What is the function of human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG)?
PNM300 EXAM 2026/2027 | NURSING | 100
VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES |
PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: MATERNAL-NEWBORN NURSING FUNDAMENTALS - Questions 1-15
Q1: Prenatal Care
The student is reviewing prenatal care. What is the purpose of prenatal care?
A. To monitor maternal and fetal health throughout pregnancy
B. To ensure a cesarean delivery
C. To replace all medications
D. To eliminate all complications
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prenatal care monitors maternal and fetal health, identifies risk factors, provides
education, and promotes optimal outcomes for both mother and baby. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Gravida and Para
The student is reviewing obstetric terminology. What does gravida refer to?
A. The number of pregnancies a woman has had
B. The number of deliveries a woman has had
C. The number of living children
D. The number of miscarriages
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gravida refers to the total number of pregnancies, including the current one. Para refers
to the number of births after 20 weeks gestation. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: GTPAL
The student is reviewing obstetric terminology. What does GTPAL stand for?
A. Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living children
B. Gravida, Term, Para, Abortions, Living children
C. Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living children
D. Gravida, Term, Preterm, Age, Living children
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: GTPAL: Gravida, Term births, Preterm births, Abortions (spontaneous or elective), Living
children. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Estimated Date of Delivery
The student is reviewing pregnancy dating. How is the estimated date of delivery (EDD) calculated
,2
using Naegele's rule?
A. First day of last menstrual period minus 3 months plus 7 days
B. First day of last menstrual period plus 3 months minus 7 days
C. Last day of last menstrual period minus 3 months plus 7 days
D. Last day of last menstrual period plus 3 months minus 7 days
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naegele's rule: Take the first day of the last menstrual period, subtract 3 months, and add
7 days to estimate the delivery date. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Fetal Development
The student is reviewing fetal development. When does the fetal heart begin to beat?
A. 2 weeks
B. 5-6 weeks
C. 12 weeks
D. 20 weeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fetal heart begins to beat at approximately 5-6 weeks gestation and can be detected
by ultrasound. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Fetal Circulation
The student is reviewing fetal circulation. What is the purpose of the ductus arteriosus?
A. To bypass the fetal lungs
B. To bypass the fetal liver
C. To bypass the fetal kidneys
D. To bypass the fetal brain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the fetal
lungs. It closes after birth. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Fetal Circulation
The student is reviewing fetal circulation. What is the purpose of the foramen ovale?
A. To bypass the fetal lungs
B. To bypass the fetal liver
C. To bypass the fetal kidneys
D. To bypass the fetal brain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The foramen ovale is an opening between the atria that allows blood to bypass the fetal
lungs. It closes after birth. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Fetal Circulation
The student is reviewing fetal circulation. What is the purpose of the ductus venosus?
, 3
A. To bypass the fetal lungs
B. To bypass the fetal liver
C. To bypass the fetal kidneys
D. To bypass the fetal brain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the
fetal liver. It closes after birth. [100% CORRECT]
Q9: Placenta
The student is reviewing placenta. What is the function of the placenta?
A. To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and remove waste products
B. To produce red blood cells
C. To produce white blood cells
D. To produce platelets
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, removes waste products, and
produces hormones (hCG, progesterone, estrogen). [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Amniotic Fluid
The student is reviewing amniotic fluid. What is the function of amniotic fluid?
A. To cushion the fetus and maintain temperature
B. To provide oxygen
C. To provide nutrients
D. To produce hormones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amniotic fluid cushions the fetus, maintains temperature, allows movement, and
prevents cord compression. [100% CORRECT]
Q11: Umbilical Cord
The student is reviewing umbilical cord. How many vessels are in the umbilical cord?
A. One artery and one vein
B. Two arteries and one vein
C. One artery and two veins
D. Two arteries and two veins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein. The vein carries oxygenated blood
to the fetus; the arteries carry deoxygenated blood back to the placenta. [100% CORRECT]
Q12: Pregnancy Hormones
The student is reviewing pregnancy hormones. What is the function of human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG)?
