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Week 8 - Metabolism &
Pathophysiology
Metabolism
2 major reactions in metabolic activity
Anabolism
Catabolism
Anabolism
Using absorbed nutrients to build or synthesize more complex
compounds
The process requires energy to build substances that make up the
body itself & other substances necessary for body functions
Utilizes an "AA metabolic pool) 70g of AA to maintain equilibrium
Is dependent on all of the amino acids present simultaneously
Protein synthesis is also affected by caloric intake
If caloric intake is inadequate, tissue proteins are used for energy,
resulting in increased nitrogen excretion
This process requires the B vitamin, pyridoxine
Catabolism
The splitting of complex substances into simpler substances
Fat oxidation
Krebs cycle
Occurs mainly in the liver (kidneys & muscles as well)
AAs are broken down into carbon skeletons & ammonia
Carbon skeleton are used to make non-essential AAs & energy via the
Krebs cycle, or are stored as fat
Week 8 - Metabolism & Pathophysiology 1
, Ammonia is toxic and is converted to urea to be excreted by the
kidneys
The removal of the nitrogen grouping from AAs, a process that requires
the B vitamins pyridoxine & riboflavin, yields carbon skeletons &
ammonia
Anabolism = Catabolism
The rate of anabolism & catabolism is usually equal in healthy adults
During certain stages of life, such as:
Growth periods
Pregnancy
Stress
Illness
⇒ the rate can vary with each other
Co-enzyme
An enzyme that needs vitamins to be activated "organic enzyme
helper"
Thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin are 3 essentials coenzymes in the Krebs
cycle
Week 8 - Metabolism & Pathophysiology 2
, Co-Factor
Functions in the same way as coenzymes, but the molecule required is
a mineral or electrolyte
"non-protein" enzyme helper
Hormones
"Messengers" produces by a group of cells that stimulate or retard the
function of other cells
Hormones principally control different metabolic functions that affect
growth & secretions
kilocalories
Week 8 - Metabolism & Pathophysiology 3
Week 8 - Metabolism &
Pathophysiology
Metabolism
2 major reactions in metabolic activity
Anabolism
Catabolism
Anabolism
Using absorbed nutrients to build or synthesize more complex
compounds
The process requires energy to build substances that make up the
body itself & other substances necessary for body functions
Utilizes an "AA metabolic pool) 70g of AA to maintain equilibrium
Is dependent on all of the amino acids present simultaneously
Protein synthesis is also affected by caloric intake
If caloric intake is inadequate, tissue proteins are used for energy,
resulting in increased nitrogen excretion
This process requires the B vitamin, pyridoxine
Catabolism
The splitting of complex substances into simpler substances
Fat oxidation
Krebs cycle
Occurs mainly in the liver (kidneys & muscles as well)
AAs are broken down into carbon skeletons & ammonia
Carbon skeleton are used to make non-essential AAs & energy via the
Krebs cycle, or are stored as fat
Week 8 - Metabolism & Pathophysiology 1
, Ammonia is toxic and is converted to urea to be excreted by the
kidneys
The removal of the nitrogen grouping from AAs, a process that requires
the B vitamins pyridoxine & riboflavin, yields carbon skeletons &
ammonia
Anabolism = Catabolism
The rate of anabolism & catabolism is usually equal in healthy adults
During certain stages of life, such as:
Growth periods
Pregnancy
Stress
Illness
⇒ the rate can vary with each other
Co-enzyme
An enzyme that needs vitamins to be activated "organic enzyme
helper"
Thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin are 3 essentials coenzymes in the Krebs
cycle
Week 8 - Metabolism & Pathophysiology 2
, Co-Factor
Functions in the same way as coenzymes, but the molecule required is
a mineral or electrolyte
"non-protein" enzyme helper
Hormones
"Messengers" produces by a group of cells that stimulate or retard the
function of other cells
Hormones principally control different metabolic functions that affect
growth & secretions
kilocalories
Week 8 - Metabolism & Pathophysiology 3
