WGU - INTRO TO IT - D322 - FULL STUDY GUIDE
SECTIONS 2-8 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Specifically, IT functions cover five different domains:
Answer:
communication data collection and management information security management consumer relationship
management process improvement
Question:
2. IT governance is
Answer:
the system of processes that ensures the effective and efficient use of IT to enable an organization to
achieve its business goals and to add value to key stakeholders in an organization.
Question:
3. Network administrators
Answer:
set up, maintain, and monitor the hardware and software that support the networking components of the
computer systems.
Question:
4. Systems administrators
Answer:
set up, maintain, and monitor devices that support business operations. These devices include anything
from projectors and smartboards in a training room to the devices in the server room.
Question:
5. Web administrators
Answer:
control the outward-facing content on an organization's website and intranets and ensure that the sites
function and integrate with back-end systems, such as supporting databases.
Question:
6. Database administrators
Answer:
configure and troubleshoot an organization's data repositories.
Question:
7. Cybersecurity analysts
Answer:
monitor the behaviors of the system components for anomalies and malicious attacks. They also put
measures in place to deter, detect, and mitigate internal and external threats.
,Question:
8. Technical support specialists
Answer:
provide end-user training and help users resolve issues accessing resources and systems.
Question:
9. Outsourcing
Answer:
uses the resources and skills of a developed workforce from an external organization.
Question:
10. Insourcing
Answer:
assigns a project to employees within the organization. Insourcing generally requires the development of
new operations and processes, making it an expensive option.
Question:
11. The project management life cycle is represented differently in various models, but projects generally
include four phases:
Answer:
initiation, planning, execution, and closure.
Question:
12. Project initiation
Answer:
broadly defines the project. It usually begins with a business case, followed by a feasibility study. During
the feasibility study, research assesses whether the business case will lead to a reasonable, feasible
solution. Project stakeholders provide input in the analysis of the business case, resulting in a project
charter, or project initiation document, that outlines the business needs, the stakeholders, and the business
case.
Question:
13. Project planning (1 of 2)
Answer:
includes developing a road map that everyone follows. This phase starts with setting the project goals,
commonly using the SMART or CLEAR frameworks, both of which are described below.
Specific: Set a specific goal that answers the questions who, what, where, when, which, and why.
Measurable: Create criteria that can be used to measure the success of the goal. Attainable: Ensure the goal
is attainable given the resources. Realistic: Assess the willingness to work toward the goal. Timely: The
goal should be achievable within the available timeframe. Collaborative: The goal should encourage
employees to work together. Limited: The goal should be limited in scope and time to keep it manageable.
Emotional: The goal should tap into the passion of employees and be something they can form an
emotional connection to. This can optimize the quality of work. Appreciable: Break larger goals into
smaller tasks that can be quickly achieved. Refinable: As new situations arise, be flexible and refine the
goal as needed.
,Question:
14. Project planning (2 of 2)
Answer:
defines the project scope and drafts a project management plan. The project management plan identifies
project resources, including cost and time estimations. A project generally has each of the following
documents by the end of the planning phase: scope statement outlining the objectives, deliverables, and
milestones
work breakdown structure (WBS) breaking the project into manageable segments for the team
milestones defining high-level goals to meet throughout the project's duration
communication plan outlining the frequency and methods of communicating with stakeholders
risk management plan identifying foreseeable risks, including cost overruns and delays
Question:
15. Project Execution
Answer:
During project execution, project deliverables are developed and completed. A kickoff meeting usually
marks the start of this phase. Tasks typically include developing the project team, assigning resources,
setting up tracking systems, conducting status meetings, and monitoring the project timetable.
Project performance is constantly observed during the execution phase. Key performance indicators, or
metrics, are used to monitor the progress of the project, determining whether the project is on track to meet
the defined milestones.
Question:
16. Project Closure
Answer:
At the project closure phase, the project is declared complete and the project team is dissolved. Project
managers complete the final project documentation, including financial reports. Generally, meetings are
also a part of this phase, allowing members of the project team to reflect on strengths and opportunities for
improvement.
Question:
17. Risks in execution
Answer:
typically revolve around budget, people, technology, equipment, and stakeholder support. Issues that can
deem a project unsuccessful include cost overrun, insufficient staff, inadequate tools to support the project,
and lack of support from project stakeholders. Planning in advance is one of the best ways to mitigate risks
of execution.
Question:
18. Risks of integration
Answer:
The outcome of a project will likely affect other systems and processes in an organization. Risks of
integration can be mitigated by assessing potential disruptions, ensuring adequate support from
stakeholders, and having a shared understanding of the project's complexity.
Two key strategies to successfully identify risks are frequent monitoring of project parameters and
milestones and sound communication between project participants.
, Question:
19. Scope creep
Answer:
uncontrolled change of a project's scope, typically adding tasks and increased, unplanned costs to the
project
Question:
20. Budget risk
Answer:
budget control issues, such as underestimated or improper allocation of cost
Question:
21. Resistance to change
Answer:
departments and individuals resist organizational changes resulting from the project
Question:
22. Resource risk
Answer:
inability to secure sufficient resources for the project
ex. Mei is concerned that some team members may become unavailable during the project.
Question:
23. Contract risk
Answer:
a vendor fails to deliver on contractual obligations
Question:
24. Disputes risk
Answer:
Disputes or disagreements between project participants
Question:
25. Project dependencies
Answer:
especially when completion of some tasks is dependent on the completion of other tasks
Question:
26. Project assumptions risk
Answer:
when assumptions about the project are invalidated during project development
Question:
27. Benefit shortfall
Answer:
the project meets the requirements but delivers fewer benefits than outlined in the business case
SECTIONS 2-8 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Specifically, IT functions cover five different domains:
Answer:
communication data collection and management information security management consumer relationship
management process improvement
Question:
2. IT governance is
Answer:
the system of processes that ensures the effective and efficient use of IT to enable an organization to
achieve its business goals and to add value to key stakeholders in an organization.
Question:
3. Network administrators
Answer:
set up, maintain, and monitor the hardware and software that support the networking components of the
computer systems.
Question:
4. Systems administrators
Answer:
set up, maintain, and monitor devices that support business operations. These devices include anything
from projectors and smartboards in a training room to the devices in the server room.
Question:
5. Web administrators
Answer:
control the outward-facing content on an organization's website and intranets and ensure that the sites
function and integrate with back-end systems, such as supporting databases.
Question:
6. Database administrators
Answer:
configure and troubleshoot an organization's data repositories.
Question:
7. Cybersecurity analysts
Answer:
monitor the behaviors of the system components for anomalies and malicious attacks. They also put
measures in place to deter, detect, and mitigate internal and external threats.
,Question:
8. Technical support specialists
Answer:
provide end-user training and help users resolve issues accessing resources and systems.
Question:
9. Outsourcing
Answer:
uses the resources and skills of a developed workforce from an external organization.
Question:
10. Insourcing
Answer:
assigns a project to employees within the organization. Insourcing generally requires the development of
new operations and processes, making it an expensive option.
Question:
11. The project management life cycle is represented differently in various models, but projects generally
include four phases:
Answer:
initiation, planning, execution, and closure.
Question:
12. Project initiation
Answer:
broadly defines the project. It usually begins with a business case, followed by a feasibility study. During
the feasibility study, research assesses whether the business case will lead to a reasonable, feasible
solution. Project stakeholders provide input in the analysis of the business case, resulting in a project
charter, or project initiation document, that outlines the business needs, the stakeholders, and the business
case.
Question:
13. Project planning (1 of 2)
Answer:
includes developing a road map that everyone follows. This phase starts with setting the project goals,
commonly using the SMART or CLEAR frameworks, both of which are described below.
Specific: Set a specific goal that answers the questions who, what, where, when, which, and why.
Measurable: Create criteria that can be used to measure the success of the goal. Attainable: Ensure the goal
is attainable given the resources. Realistic: Assess the willingness to work toward the goal. Timely: The
goal should be achievable within the available timeframe. Collaborative: The goal should encourage
employees to work together. Limited: The goal should be limited in scope and time to keep it manageable.
Emotional: The goal should tap into the passion of employees and be something they can form an
emotional connection to. This can optimize the quality of work. Appreciable: Break larger goals into
smaller tasks that can be quickly achieved. Refinable: As new situations arise, be flexible and refine the
goal as needed.
,Question:
14. Project planning (2 of 2)
Answer:
defines the project scope and drafts a project management plan. The project management plan identifies
project resources, including cost and time estimations. A project generally has each of the following
documents by the end of the planning phase: scope statement outlining the objectives, deliverables, and
milestones
work breakdown structure (WBS) breaking the project into manageable segments for the team
milestones defining high-level goals to meet throughout the project's duration
communication plan outlining the frequency and methods of communicating with stakeholders
risk management plan identifying foreseeable risks, including cost overruns and delays
Question:
15. Project Execution
Answer:
During project execution, project deliverables are developed and completed. A kickoff meeting usually
marks the start of this phase. Tasks typically include developing the project team, assigning resources,
setting up tracking systems, conducting status meetings, and monitoring the project timetable.
Project performance is constantly observed during the execution phase. Key performance indicators, or
metrics, are used to monitor the progress of the project, determining whether the project is on track to meet
the defined milestones.
Question:
16. Project Closure
Answer:
At the project closure phase, the project is declared complete and the project team is dissolved. Project
managers complete the final project documentation, including financial reports. Generally, meetings are
also a part of this phase, allowing members of the project team to reflect on strengths and opportunities for
improvement.
Question:
17. Risks in execution
Answer:
typically revolve around budget, people, technology, equipment, and stakeholder support. Issues that can
deem a project unsuccessful include cost overrun, insufficient staff, inadequate tools to support the project,
and lack of support from project stakeholders. Planning in advance is one of the best ways to mitigate risks
of execution.
Question:
18. Risks of integration
Answer:
The outcome of a project will likely affect other systems and processes in an organization. Risks of
integration can be mitigated by assessing potential disruptions, ensuring adequate support from
stakeholders, and having a shared understanding of the project's complexity.
Two key strategies to successfully identify risks are frequent monitoring of project parameters and
milestones and sound communication between project participants.
, Question:
19. Scope creep
Answer:
uncontrolled change of a project's scope, typically adding tasks and increased, unplanned costs to the
project
Question:
20. Budget risk
Answer:
budget control issues, such as underestimated or improper allocation of cost
Question:
21. Resistance to change
Answer:
departments and individuals resist organizational changes resulting from the project
Question:
22. Resource risk
Answer:
inability to secure sufficient resources for the project
ex. Mei is concerned that some team members may become unavailable during the project.
Question:
23. Contract risk
Answer:
a vendor fails to deliver on contractual obligations
Question:
24. Disputes risk
Answer:
Disputes or disagreements between project participants
Question:
25. Project dependencies
Answer:
especially when completion of some tasks is dependent on the completion of other tasks
Question:
26. Project assumptions risk
Answer:
when assumptions about the project are invalidated during project development
Question:
27. Benefit shortfall
Answer:
the project meets the requirements but delivers fewer benefits than outlined in the business case
