Mic 205 Final Exam Questions With Verified Answers Latest Update 2026

MIC 205 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Which of the following bacterial species are capable of converting nitrogen gas in the atmosphere into compounds that other organisms can better utilize? - Answers Rhizobium spp. : gram -, fix nitrogen Of the bacterial species listed below, which do not utilize type IV secretion to transfer DNA or proteins into eukaryotic cells? - Answers Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type V secretion After graduating from the University of Arizona you decided to become a benthic marine biologist (studying the sea floor). Your have been using large dragnets to collect sea floor marine life. In your first net you see a new species of anglerfish. These fish have a light organ protruding in front of their mouth that is used to attract prey fish in the dark depths of the ocean. You suspect that the light organ will contain bacteria. What species from the list below do you suspect is most likely to have colonized the light organ? - Answers (Alii)Vibrio fischeri - Aliivibrio fisheri; produce visible light at high bacterial concentrations. Hans Christian Gram is famous for developing a staining technique that separates pathogenic bacteria into two roughly equal sized groups. He originally developed this technique to differentiate two bacteria (one a bacillus and one a coccus) that were causing the same disease. Which of the bacteria below was the bacillus in his samples? - Answers Klebsiella pneumoniae : bacillus The one thing you learned by your summer at sea (question #3) is that you do not like water. You decided to return to the arid lands of Arizona where rivers only have water flowing in them a few weeks out of the year. As fortune would have it, you have been accepted into the UofA medical school. In your surgical rotation you will be learning under the tutelage of Dr. Yavan Knowsomuch. On the first day with her, Dr. Knowsomuch offhandedly remarks that her patients keep developing colitis after they are discharged from her care. What species of bacteria do you suspect is causing these symptoms? - Answers Clostridium difficile :colitis is a chronic, inflammatory bowel disease Robert Koch was one of the scientists in the late 19th century involved in developing the Germ Theory. This theory states that diseases are caused by microscopic organisms. Dr. Koch's lasting contribution to this theory was a systematic approach for identifying the microbial cause of a disease. We call this approach Koch's Postulates. What were the declarative statements? - Answers a. You must find the microbe in all cases of the disease. b. You must be able to grow the microbe in a pure culture. c. The pure culture must be able to cause the same disease in a new individual. d. You must be able to re-isolate the original organism from individual infected in part C. True or False - Koch's Postulates have been used to show that all known diseases are microbial in origin. - Answers False: Not known, only a method to prove what causes disease. Not all diseases are microbial in origin; example: genetic diseases. Which scientist is remembered for having developed the first microscope that could resolve microorganisms? Lecture - Answers Dr. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: compound microscope Which domain of life contains microorganisms - Answers a. Eubacteria b. Eukaryotes c. Archaea True or False - The human body contains 10 times more prokaryotic cells than eukaryotic cells. - Answers True: We have more microorganisms on our bodies than our own cells. Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that produces a toxin that can block the release of neurotransmitters from human neurons. The purified toxin has been shown to be useful in the treatment of which of the following diseases: A. Aging b. Diarrhea c. The flu d. Alcoholism e. Botox will not prevent or treat any of these diseases - Answers e. Botox will not prevent or treat any of these diseases I am sure you took the time to study osmosis. Here is your chance to be rewarded. What would happen to a bacterial cell if you placed it in an isotonic solution? - Answers Nothing would happen to the bacterial cell. because of cell wall Which of the following statements best characterizes the role of ATP in active transport? - Answers ATP hydrolysis generates the energy to move a compound from a low concentration outside the cell into the high concentration inside the cell When cyanobacteria first evolved photosynthesis (about 2.3 billion years ago), they killed off most life on earth. What metabolic byproduct of cyanobacteria photosynthesis killed off most of the other organisms? - Answers Oxygen gas (O2) Which of the following statements about the bacterial glycocalyx is correct? Lecture 3 Slide 24-25 a. Some bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, have a highly organized glycocalyx - capsule - that can function to protect the bacteria from the host immune system. b. Some bacteria secrete protein via the glycocalyx complex between the inner and outer membrane. c. Some bacteria utilize the glycocalyx for a type motility known as twitching motility d. All of the above are correct statements about bacterial glycocalyx. - Answers d. All of the above are correct statements about bacterial glycocalyx. What is the fate of the mother cell during bacterial sporulation after the endospore is released? - Answers The mother cell is sacrificed in order to allow the endospore to escape. What is the process of bacterial communication by which bacteria are able to determine the number of proximal microorganisms? - Answers Quorum sensing Which of the following statements about the central dogma is not correct? Lecture 4 slide 11 a. DNA stores information to direct protein synthesis and passes that information from generation to generation. b. RNA is a less stable intermediary that forms a template for protein synthesis. c. Ribosomes synthesize proteins by polymerizing amino acids in an order determined by an RNA template d. RNA polymerase creates a complementary sequence of RNA from a DNA template. e. All of the above are correct. - Answers e. All of the above are correct. Which of the following characteristics of amino acids influence how proteins fold? Lecture 4 slide 15 a. Amino acids with similar hydrophobicity interact with each other. b. Amino acids with like charges repel each other. c. Amino acids with opposite charges attract each other. d. All of the above are likely to play a role in how proteins fold. - Answers d. All of the above are likely to play a role in how proteins fold. Which of the following statements about eukaryotic molecular motors (EMM) is false? a. ATP hydrolysis generates the energy to drive EMM. b. All EMM move cargo vesicles along tubulin. c. Kinesins move cargo vesicles away from the MTOC. d. Actin polymerization can move cargo vesicles small distances. e. All of the above are true statements. - Answers b. All EMM move cargo vesicles along tubulin.(+actin) At which of the following location(s) within the eukaryotic cell would you most likely find translation occurring? - Answers Mitochondria which are in the cytosol Which of the following protein complexes can translocate DNA into a eukaryotic cell? - Answers Type IV - conjugation pillus : secrete proteins and DNA across membranes, conjugation Which of the following is a type of work accomplished by bacteria secreting proteins beyond their membranes? a. Adhesion (type 1) b. Twitching motility (type IV) c. Host cell manipulation d. Flagellar swimming e. All of the above are types of work accomplished by secreted bacterial proteins. - Answers e. All of the above are types of work accomplished by secreted bacterial proteins. How do bacteria find their way in the world? - Answers Bacteria can sense changes in concentration of compounds. In a eukaryotic cell, where would a protein most likely get glycosylated - Answers Golgi complex Which of the following statements about tubulin is not true? a. Myosin contractions move tubulin polymers across each other. (muscle contraction) b. Dynein motors move tubulin filaments within flagella to generate motility. (transport toward the nucleus/MTOC) c. Kinesin motors move cargo vesicles away from the MTOC. d. Bacterial flagella do not contain tubulin. e. All of the above are true - Answers a. Myosin contractions move tubulin polymers across each other. (muscle contraction) Last year over spring break Dr. Wilbur took his family to the Grand Canyon and then into the Navajo Nation lands (four corners region on the of AZ, CO, NM, NV). In both locations Dr. Wilbur "roughed it" and stayed in remote cabins far from the highway. It was noted that neither of the cabins had been used in over a year and the one on the Navajo Nation lands was infested with mice. As Dr. Wilbur was driving back to Tucson he started complaining of dizziness, chills and muscle aches. About a week after getting back to Tucson, Dr. Wilbur had a fever of 103oF and started complaining of shortness of breathe. When his wife rushed him to TMC the doctors diagnosed him with pneumonia in both lungs and started an antibiotic drip. Dr. Wilbur passed away 5 hours later. What do you think Dr. Wilbur contracted on his vacation last year? - Answers Hantavirus