BIOL 2401 Exam 1 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Nucleus (protons & neutrons), Electron Cloud, Electron
Parts of an atom
Shells
Atomic number Number of protons
Atomic Mass Number of protons and neutrons
Atoms of the same element that have ditterent numbers of
Isotope
neutrons
an atom that has an equal number of protons and elec-
Neutral Atom
trons
A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons
Electron Cloud
are likely to be found
a grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an
Electron Shell
atom
Carbon Atom
Number of electrons carbon wants, number of bonds it
4 Electrons
can from
Oxygen Atom
Number of Electrons Oxygen wants, number of bonds it
2 Electrons
can form
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between
Ionic bond
oppositely charged ions.
,BIOL 2401 Exam 1 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Covalent bond A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Which bond is stronger Covalent is stronger than Ionic
Ionic Bond What bond separates in water
Sodium.Potassium.Nitrogen.Oxygen.Carbon.Hydrogen,
S.P.N.O.C.H.
make up almost everything organic
Carbon-Containing Compound, covalently bonded car-
Organic compound
bon backbone
Inorganic compound A compound that does not contain the element carbon
A large molecule consisting of many identical or similar
Polymer molecular units, called monomers, covalently joined to-
gether in a chain.
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to
Monomer
form polymers
Ions in anatomy, Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, Magne-
Electrolytes
sium, Chloride
O=C=O C02 covalent bond
Ethanol C2H6OH
Carbon backbone types Strait Chain, Branched Chain, Ring
Polar compound Does not share perfectly, Water soluble, hydrophilic
Non-polar compound Shares perfectly, non-soluble, hydrophobic
A molecule that has both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic
Amphipatic
region, like a phospholipid
Large organic molecules that provide energy or storage or
Biomolecules
both Ex. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Structure of Carbohydrates 1:2:1, C:H:O, Ring or chain shape, hydrophilic
, Short-term energy, longer term energy storage, structural
Function of carbohydrates support, building blocks of other molecules (fats, amino
acids)
They are long fatty acids attached together to make long
Structure of lipids
chains. (not polymers)
Four classes of lipids Tryglicerides, phospholipids, steroids, Eicosnaoids
Stores energy, conserves heat, protects vital organs, and
Function of lipids
make up the cell membrane
Glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. Most common
Triglycerides form of lipids used for long-term energy storage, support,
Cushioning and insulation of the body. Ex Fatty Acids.
A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and
a phosphate group. The hydrocarbon chains of the fatty
acids act as nonpolar, hydrophobic tails, while the rest
Phospholipids
of the molecule acts as a polar, hydrophilic head. Phos-
pholipids form bilayers that function as biological mem-
branes.
Monomer subunits of carbohydrates Sugars Ex. monosaccharides, Glucose, fructose
Polymer of carbohydrates Disaccharides, sucrose, lactose, maltose glycogen
Monosaccharides structure Ring Form
Disaccharides structure 2 monosaccharides
Bind the glucose monomers together to form a polysac-
Glycolgenesis
charide
Glucogenesis Formation of glucose by the hydrolysis of glycogen
Cation Positive charged Ion
Anion Negative charged ion
Structure nucleic acids Single or double ring
Function of nucleic acids
Nucleus (protons & neutrons), Electron Cloud, Electron
Parts of an atom
Shells
Atomic number Number of protons
Atomic Mass Number of protons and neutrons
Atoms of the same element that have ditterent numbers of
Isotope
neutrons
an atom that has an equal number of protons and elec-
Neutral Atom
trons
A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons
Electron Cloud
are likely to be found
a grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an
Electron Shell
atom
Carbon Atom
Number of electrons carbon wants, number of bonds it
4 Electrons
can from
Oxygen Atom
Number of Electrons Oxygen wants, number of bonds it
2 Electrons
can form
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between
Ionic bond
oppositely charged ions.
,BIOL 2401 Exam 1 Test Questions and Answers Rated A
Covalent bond A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Which bond is stronger Covalent is stronger than Ionic
Ionic Bond What bond separates in water
Sodium.Potassium.Nitrogen.Oxygen.Carbon.Hydrogen,
S.P.N.O.C.H.
make up almost everything organic
Carbon-Containing Compound, covalently bonded car-
Organic compound
bon backbone
Inorganic compound A compound that does not contain the element carbon
A large molecule consisting of many identical or similar
Polymer molecular units, called monomers, covalently joined to-
gether in a chain.
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to
Monomer
form polymers
Ions in anatomy, Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, Magne-
Electrolytes
sium, Chloride
O=C=O C02 covalent bond
Ethanol C2H6OH
Carbon backbone types Strait Chain, Branched Chain, Ring
Polar compound Does not share perfectly, Water soluble, hydrophilic
Non-polar compound Shares perfectly, non-soluble, hydrophobic
A molecule that has both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic
Amphipatic
region, like a phospholipid
Large organic molecules that provide energy or storage or
Biomolecules
both Ex. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Structure of Carbohydrates 1:2:1, C:H:O, Ring or chain shape, hydrophilic
, Short-term energy, longer term energy storage, structural
Function of carbohydrates support, building blocks of other molecules (fats, amino
acids)
They are long fatty acids attached together to make long
Structure of lipids
chains. (not polymers)
Four classes of lipids Tryglicerides, phospholipids, steroids, Eicosnaoids
Stores energy, conserves heat, protects vital organs, and
Function of lipids
make up the cell membrane
Glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. Most common
Triglycerides form of lipids used for long-term energy storage, support,
Cushioning and insulation of the body. Ex Fatty Acids.
A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and
a phosphate group. The hydrocarbon chains of the fatty
acids act as nonpolar, hydrophobic tails, while the rest
Phospholipids
of the molecule acts as a polar, hydrophilic head. Phos-
pholipids form bilayers that function as biological mem-
branes.
Monomer subunits of carbohydrates Sugars Ex. monosaccharides, Glucose, fructose
Polymer of carbohydrates Disaccharides, sucrose, lactose, maltose glycogen
Monosaccharides structure Ring Form
Disaccharides structure 2 monosaccharides
Bind the glucose monomers together to form a polysac-
Glycolgenesis
charide
Glucogenesis Formation of glucose by the hydrolysis of glycogen
Cation Positive charged Ion
Anion Negative charged ion
Structure nucleic acids Single or double ring
Function of nucleic acids
