GENETICS EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE EXAMS WITH
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2026/2027 BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
What is a gene?
a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the
order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or
nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize.
unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held
to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
Genome?
Broad - A single copy of all of the heritable genetic material within an
organisms cell.
Narrow - A single copy of all of the heritable genetic material found in
the nucleus (nuclear
genome) of a eukaryotic organisms cell.
What is genome size measure in?
pg (picograms)
What is the physical map measured in?
Mb (megabases)
How many pg (picograms) does the human genome have?
about 3.2 pg of DNA
Non-coding features of genes:
,GENETICS EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE EXAMS WITH
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2026/2027 BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
-TRNA (Transfer RNA)
-Ribosomal RNA (protein still present, but protein's function is to
protect the ribosomal RNA)
How many chromosomes do humans have?
23!!!
-becomes 46 after replication
What are the several types of genomes?
1.) Eukaryotic
2.) Prokaryotic
3.) Endosymbionts
4.) Hologenome
Endosymbionts
ex: mitochondria & chloroplast
-non-nuclear genome
-all eukaryotic organisms have endosymbionts
Prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea)
-usually small -> ~5Mb or less
-Single circular chromosome + plasmids
-origin is circular genomes
Eukaryotic (plants, animals, & fungi)
, GENETICS EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE EXAMS WITH
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2026/2027 BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
-Wide range in size (~6 Mb-150Gb)
-Fungi have smallest, plants have largest
-Divided into linear chromosomes
Chromosome
-Linear piece of DNA that makes up a portion of a eukaryotic nuclear
genome
-Chromatin (2 types) -> complex of CNA and proteins
-Centromere
-Arms
-Telomere
Chromatin Type: Euchromatin
Lightly packed, gene rich
Chromatin Type: Heterochromatin
Densely packed, gene poor
Chromosome arms
p = short arm
q = long arm
Telomere
terminal
Metacentric Centromere
equal
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2026/2027 BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
What is a gene?
a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the
order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or
nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize.
unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held
to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
Genome?
Broad - A single copy of all of the heritable genetic material within an
organisms cell.
Narrow - A single copy of all of the heritable genetic material found in
the nucleus (nuclear
genome) of a eukaryotic organisms cell.
What is genome size measure in?
pg (picograms)
What is the physical map measured in?
Mb (megabases)
How many pg (picograms) does the human genome have?
about 3.2 pg of DNA
Non-coding features of genes:
,GENETICS EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE EXAMS WITH
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2026/2027 BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
-TRNA (Transfer RNA)
-Ribosomal RNA (protein still present, but protein's function is to
protect the ribosomal RNA)
How many chromosomes do humans have?
23!!!
-becomes 46 after replication
What are the several types of genomes?
1.) Eukaryotic
2.) Prokaryotic
3.) Endosymbionts
4.) Hologenome
Endosymbionts
ex: mitochondria & chloroplast
-non-nuclear genome
-all eukaryotic organisms have endosymbionts
Prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea)
-usually small -> ~5Mb or less
-Single circular chromosome + plasmids
-origin is circular genomes
Eukaryotic (plants, animals, & fungi)
, GENETICS EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE EXAMS WITH
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2026/2027 BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
-Wide range in size (~6 Mb-150Gb)
-Fungi have smallest, plants have largest
-Divided into linear chromosomes
Chromosome
-Linear piece of DNA that makes up a portion of a eukaryotic nuclear
genome
-Chromatin (2 types) -> complex of CNA and proteins
-Centromere
-Arms
-Telomere
Chromatin Type: Euchromatin
Lightly packed, gene rich
Chromatin Type: Heterochromatin
Densely packed, gene poor
Chromosome arms
p = short arm
q = long arm
Telomere
terminal
Metacentric Centromere
equal
