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13 questions for 20 pts
Question 1 – 1pt
One criticism of Kohlberg’s theory regarding in the differences between men’s and women’s perspectives on
moral issues suggests that:
a. women tend to think of morality in terms of responsibilities to specific people.
b. men and women don’t think differently about morality because they go through the same sequence of
moral development.
c. women tend to think of morality in terms of abstract reasons, justice, and fairness.
d. women are morally superior to men.
Question 2 1 pt
Reasoning during Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral reasoning is:
a. based on the consideration of moral alternatives.
b. based on the actual consequences of an act.
c. based on the internalized standards of others.
d. based on doing the right thing so as to please others.
Question 3 2 pts
The article How unethical are you? discusses four distinct biases that managers may have that can lead to
unethical decisions without them even realizing it. Explain each bias.
The article How Unethical Are You? discusses four biases that managers may have. These are
implicit prejudice, in-group favoritism, overclaiming credit, and conflict of interest.
The bias of implicit prejudice is developing a bias that emerges from unconscious beliefs. We
are mistakenly unaware of these biases that create an aversion to a person or group of people.
These associated stereotypes guide managers in their decision making.
In-group favoritism is a bias for your group. The favoring of the ingroup tends to be more
pronounced than rejecting others, and these tendencies tend to become more pronounced during
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periods of intergroup contact. While we may enjoy surrounding ourselves with life minded
colleagues, managers cannot let this influence their judgement calls.
Overclaiming credit is the bias that favors oneself. This memory bias is a general tendency for
some people to believe that everything the encounter is familiar. Learning to control this more
automatic process allows for more time to consider an item which in turn reduces overclaiming.
The fourth bias is conflict of interest which is the bias that favors those who can benefit us. Having any
kind of personal gain, i.e. financial gains, from a primary interest would prove to be an ill-fated agenda.
Managers could encounter many scenarios of conflicts of interest in the workplace and must strive to
stay neutral in their decision making processes.
Question 4 1 pt
At what stage of moral judgment would Kohlberg describe James, if James makes all his decisions based on
immediate self-interest and concrete rewards?
a. Interpersonal Norms
b. Punishment &
Obedience
Orientation
c. Individualism &
Purpose
d. Community Rights vs.
Individual Rights
Question 5
According to Kohlberg, abstract notions of justice or equity are examples of which
stage?
a. Universal Ethical Principles
b. Social System Morality
c. Interpersonal Norms
d. Community Rights vs. Individual Rights
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13 questions for 20 pts
Question 1 – 1pt
One criticism of Kohlberg’s theory regarding in the differences between men’s and women’s perspectives on
moral issues suggests that:
a. women tend to think of morality in terms of responsibilities to specific people.
b. men and women don’t think differently about morality because they go through the same sequence of
moral development.
c. women tend to think of morality in terms of abstract reasons, justice, and fairness.
d. women are morally superior to men.
Question 2 1 pt
Reasoning during Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral reasoning is:
a. based on the consideration of moral alternatives.
b. based on the actual consequences of an act.
c. based on the internalized standards of others.
d. based on doing the right thing so as to please others.
Question 3 2 pts
The article How unethical are you? discusses four distinct biases that managers may have that can lead to
unethical decisions without them even realizing it. Explain each bias.
The article How Unethical Are You? discusses four biases that managers may have. These are
implicit prejudice, in-group favoritism, overclaiming credit, and conflict of interest.
The bias of implicit prejudice is developing a bias that emerges from unconscious beliefs. We
are mistakenly unaware of these biases that create an aversion to a person or group of people.
These associated stereotypes guide managers in their decision making.
In-group favoritism is a bias for your group. The favoring of the ingroup tends to be more
pronounced than rejecting others, and these tendencies tend to become more pronounced during
ps://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotchPage
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotchPage
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotchPage
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periods of intergroup contact. While we may enjoy surrounding ourselves with life minded
colleagues, managers cannot let this influence their judgement calls.
Overclaiming credit is the bias that favors oneself. This memory bias is a general tendency for
some people to believe that everything the encounter is familiar. Learning to control this more
automatic process allows for more time to consider an item which in turn reduces overclaiming.
The fourth bias is conflict of interest which is the bias that favors those who can benefit us. Having any
kind of personal gain, i.e. financial gains, from a primary interest would prove to be an ill-fated agenda.
Managers could encounter many scenarios of conflicts of interest in the workplace and must strive to
stay neutral in their decision making processes.
Question 4 1 pt
At what stage of moral judgment would Kohlberg describe James, if James makes all his decisions based on
immediate self-interest and concrete rewards?
a. Interpersonal Norms
b. Punishment &
Obedience
Orientation
c. Individualism &
Purpose
d. Community Rights vs.
Individual Rights
Question 5
According to Kohlberg, abstract notions of justice or equity are examples of which
stage?
a. Universal Ethical Principles
b. Social System Morality
c. Interpersonal Norms
d. Community Rights vs. Individual Rights
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