ATI PN PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED
EXAM WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|NEWEST|GUARANTEED
PASS 2026/2027
furosemide/lasix
...Loop Diuretics-prevents Na/Cl reabsorption, thus Na leaves the body, water follows Na and K follows
the water
Furosemide/Lasix, Bumex/Bumetanide, Torsemide/Demadex
Work on the entire Loop of Henle-large volumes of water, Na, and K are removed
Works in renal failure
Hypovolemic and hypokalemia very common
Nursing interventions
Know your potassium level prior to administration
Assess Lung Sounds, Weight, I/O, Edema, SaO2, RR, Blood Pressure, K Level prior to administration,
assess all of these post administration, especially K Level and Lung Sounds, Sao2, I/O. If you urine bag is
not twice as full 30 minutes post IV Lasix administration, check your IV site. If your client without a Foley
has not called to urinate within an hour of giving po Lasix, check your client
Warn your client to get up slowly after taking Lasix, watch for orthostatic hypotension
Lasix does have sulfa as a base component
May not be used with anuria, hepatic coma
Use with extreme caution with electrolyte depletion
Low K with Digoxin can equal lethal Dysrhythmias, know your potassium level-has a digoxin level been
ran
plavix
Anti-platelet drugs
ASA
Persantine
ADP Receptor Blockers (Plavix, Ticlid, Effient)
Glycoprotein 2b./3a receptor antagonist (Repro, Integrillin, Aggrastat
ADP receptor blockers
1|Page
,Irreversibly alter the plasma membrane of platelets, alters the ability of platelets to aggregate
Ticlid and Plavix are given orally
Ticlid can cause Agranulocytosis-only used when someone is allergic to Plavix
Glycoprotein is an enzyme necessary for platelet aggregation, IV only, Very expensive used with MI's
Strokes, and PTCA's
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Antiplatelet drug
ADP receptor blocker
Inhibits ADP binding to its receptor's-irreversible and will be with the platelet for their lifespan (5-7 days)
Used for MI's, CVA's, PAD/PVD, Unstable Angina, PTCA's-first 6 months post ptca's
Bleeding is a problem
EXAM 2 DRUGS!!!!!!!!!!!!
..........
Vasopressin (pitressin)
The antidiuretic action of vasopressin is ascribed to increasing reabsorption of water by the renal
tubules
40u IV
Adverse = cardiac ischemia/angina
DDAVP (desmopressin)
Prevents or controls thirst and frequent urination caused by diabetes insipidus and certain brain injuries.
Works on posterior pituitary....Treatment for: diabetes insipidus, bedwetting(nocturia), brain injuries,
hemophilia A w/ some factor VIII production
nasally, IV, oral/subling tab
up to 20 hours
Synthroid
Treats hypothyroidism. Also treats an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) and thyroid cancer.
Cortés
Naturally occurring glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and cortisone), which also have salt-retaining
properties, are used as replacement therapy in adrenocortical deficiency states. Their synthetic analogs
are primarily used for their potent anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems.
Glucocorticoids cause profound and varied metabolic effects. In addition, they modify the body's
immune responses to diverse stimuli.
Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone belongs to the family of medications known as corticosteroids. It is used to treat many
different conditions. It works by reducing swelling, inflammation, and irritation or as a replacement
when the body does not make enough cortisol. Hydrocortisone is more commonly used to treat allergic
reactions, some skin conditions, severe asthma, lupus, and arthritis.
2|Page
,It can also be used to treat steroid deficiency in the body, certain blood disorders, certain types of
cancer, multiple sclerosis, and ulcerative colitis.
Cortisol
When people are under stress, levels of cortisol hormone rise. Chronic stress can result in chronically
high levels of cortisol, which can lead to symptoms like weight gain, memory problems, high blood
pressure, and other health problems. The stress release of cortisol is designed to enable the flight or
fight response with a quick burst of energy, but when people are in a state of constant high stress, levels
of the hormone never have a chance to fall back down to normal levels. This is one reason why
treatments for chronic stress include exercises and activities that are designed to reduce stress levels,
allowing production of this hormone to slow down.
Tapazole
Treats hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland).
PTU
Treats Graves' disease and hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland) in
patients who have already been treated with other medicines (such as methimazole) that did not work
well.
H2 Blockers (-tidine)
Ranitidine
PPI's (-prazole)
Omeprazole
Antacids
...
Maalox
30mL QID
Mylanta
This medication is used to treat the symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset,
heartburn, and acid indigestion. Aluminum and magnesium antacids work quickly to lower the acid in
the stomach. Liquid antacids usually work faster/better than tablets or capsules.
Mylanta
This medication works only on existing acid in the stomach. It does not prevent acid production. It may
be used alone or with other medications that lower acid production (e.g., H2 blockers such as
cimetidine/ranitidine and proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole).
This medication can cause nausea, constipation, diarrhea, or headache
by mouth, usually after meals and at bedtime his product may react with other medications (e.g.,
3|Page
, digoxin, iron, tetracycline antibiotics, quinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin), preventing them from
being fully absorbed by your body.
Bulk-Producing Laxative
Metamucil
decrease the absorption and effects of Warfarin, Digoxin and Aspirin. Do not give to patients with: GI
obstructions, fecal impaction or abdominal pain and N/V
Monitor elevated serum glucose
Lomotil
Antidiarrheal, Anticholinergic
Insulins
(dec blood sugar)
Insulin
Is a polypeptide hormone that controls the storage and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
This activity occurs primarily in the liver, in muscle, and in adipose tissues after binding of the insulin
molecules to receptor sites on cellular plasma membranes
Logs -->fast acting
is a man-made insulin used to control high blood sugar in adults/children with DM.
Reg -->short acting
Humulin® R U-100 is a polypeptide hormone structurally identical to human insulin synthesized through
rDNA technology in a special non-disease-producing laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria
NPH -->intermediate-acting
Often used in combination with a shorter-acting insulin. NPH insulin is a man-made insulin product is the
same as human insulin. It replaces the insulin that your body would normally make. It is an insulin
(isophane). It starts to work more slowly but lasts longer than regular insulin. Helps blood sugar
(glucose) get into cells so your body can use it for energy.
Lantas -->long-acting insulin
Treats diabetes mellitus. Insulin is a hormone that helps get sugar from the blood to the muscles, where
it is used for energy. This type of insulin usually works longer than regular insulin.
Glucophage (metformin)
Used with diet and exercise to control blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes. May be used alone
or with other medicines.
starting dose of GLUCOPHAGE (metformin hydrochloride) Tablets is 500 mg twice a day or 850 mg once
a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly or 850 mg
every 2 weeks, up to a total of 2000 mg per day.
4|Page
EXAM WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|NEWEST|GUARANTEED
PASS 2026/2027
furosemide/lasix
...Loop Diuretics-prevents Na/Cl reabsorption, thus Na leaves the body, water follows Na and K follows
the water
Furosemide/Lasix, Bumex/Bumetanide, Torsemide/Demadex
Work on the entire Loop of Henle-large volumes of water, Na, and K are removed
Works in renal failure
Hypovolemic and hypokalemia very common
Nursing interventions
Know your potassium level prior to administration
Assess Lung Sounds, Weight, I/O, Edema, SaO2, RR, Blood Pressure, K Level prior to administration,
assess all of these post administration, especially K Level and Lung Sounds, Sao2, I/O. If you urine bag is
not twice as full 30 minutes post IV Lasix administration, check your IV site. If your client without a Foley
has not called to urinate within an hour of giving po Lasix, check your client
Warn your client to get up slowly after taking Lasix, watch for orthostatic hypotension
Lasix does have sulfa as a base component
May not be used with anuria, hepatic coma
Use with extreme caution with electrolyte depletion
Low K with Digoxin can equal lethal Dysrhythmias, know your potassium level-has a digoxin level been
ran
plavix
Anti-platelet drugs
ASA
Persantine
ADP Receptor Blockers (Plavix, Ticlid, Effient)
Glycoprotein 2b./3a receptor antagonist (Repro, Integrillin, Aggrastat
ADP receptor blockers
1|Page
,Irreversibly alter the plasma membrane of platelets, alters the ability of platelets to aggregate
Ticlid and Plavix are given orally
Ticlid can cause Agranulocytosis-only used when someone is allergic to Plavix
Glycoprotein is an enzyme necessary for platelet aggregation, IV only, Very expensive used with MI's
Strokes, and PTCA's
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Antiplatelet drug
ADP receptor blocker
Inhibits ADP binding to its receptor's-irreversible and will be with the platelet for their lifespan (5-7 days)
Used for MI's, CVA's, PAD/PVD, Unstable Angina, PTCA's-first 6 months post ptca's
Bleeding is a problem
EXAM 2 DRUGS!!!!!!!!!!!!
..........
Vasopressin (pitressin)
The antidiuretic action of vasopressin is ascribed to increasing reabsorption of water by the renal
tubules
40u IV
Adverse = cardiac ischemia/angina
DDAVP (desmopressin)
Prevents or controls thirst and frequent urination caused by diabetes insipidus and certain brain injuries.
Works on posterior pituitary....Treatment for: diabetes insipidus, bedwetting(nocturia), brain injuries,
hemophilia A w/ some factor VIII production
nasally, IV, oral/subling tab
up to 20 hours
Synthroid
Treats hypothyroidism. Also treats an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) and thyroid cancer.
Cortés
Naturally occurring glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and cortisone), which also have salt-retaining
properties, are used as replacement therapy in adrenocortical deficiency states. Their synthetic analogs
are primarily used for their potent anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems.
Glucocorticoids cause profound and varied metabolic effects. In addition, they modify the body's
immune responses to diverse stimuli.
Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone belongs to the family of medications known as corticosteroids. It is used to treat many
different conditions. It works by reducing swelling, inflammation, and irritation or as a replacement
when the body does not make enough cortisol. Hydrocortisone is more commonly used to treat allergic
reactions, some skin conditions, severe asthma, lupus, and arthritis.
2|Page
,It can also be used to treat steroid deficiency in the body, certain blood disorders, certain types of
cancer, multiple sclerosis, and ulcerative colitis.
Cortisol
When people are under stress, levels of cortisol hormone rise. Chronic stress can result in chronically
high levels of cortisol, which can lead to symptoms like weight gain, memory problems, high blood
pressure, and other health problems. The stress release of cortisol is designed to enable the flight or
fight response with a quick burst of energy, but when people are in a state of constant high stress, levels
of the hormone never have a chance to fall back down to normal levels. This is one reason why
treatments for chronic stress include exercises and activities that are designed to reduce stress levels,
allowing production of this hormone to slow down.
Tapazole
Treats hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland).
PTU
Treats Graves' disease and hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland) in
patients who have already been treated with other medicines (such as methimazole) that did not work
well.
H2 Blockers (-tidine)
Ranitidine
PPI's (-prazole)
Omeprazole
Antacids
...
Maalox
30mL QID
Mylanta
This medication is used to treat the symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset,
heartburn, and acid indigestion. Aluminum and magnesium antacids work quickly to lower the acid in
the stomach. Liquid antacids usually work faster/better than tablets or capsules.
Mylanta
This medication works only on existing acid in the stomach. It does not prevent acid production. It may
be used alone or with other medications that lower acid production (e.g., H2 blockers such as
cimetidine/ranitidine and proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole).
This medication can cause nausea, constipation, diarrhea, or headache
by mouth, usually after meals and at bedtime his product may react with other medications (e.g.,
3|Page
, digoxin, iron, tetracycline antibiotics, quinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin), preventing them from
being fully absorbed by your body.
Bulk-Producing Laxative
Metamucil
decrease the absorption and effects of Warfarin, Digoxin and Aspirin. Do not give to patients with: GI
obstructions, fecal impaction or abdominal pain and N/V
Monitor elevated serum glucose
Lomotil
Antidiarrheal, Anticholinergic
Insulins
(dec blood sugar)
Insulin
Is a polypeptide hormone that controls the storage and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
This activity occurs primarily in the liver, in muscle, and in adipose tissues after binding of the insulin
molecules to receptor sites on cellular plasma membranes
Logs -->fast acting
is a man-made insulin used to control high blood sugar in adults/children with DM.
Reg -->short acting
Humulin® R U-100 is a polypeptide hormone structurally identical to human insulin synthesized through
rDNA technology in a special non-disease-producing laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria
NPH -->intermediate-acting
Often used in combination with a shorter-acting insulin. NPH insulin is a man-made insulin product is the
same as human insulin. It replaces the insulin that your body would normally make. It is an insulin
(isophane). It starts to work more slowly but lasts longer than regular insulin. Helps blood sugar
(glucose) get into cells so your body can use it for energy.
Lantas -->long-acting insulin
Treats diabetes mellitus. Insulin is a hormone that helps get sugar from the blood to the muscles, where
it is used for energy. This type of insulin usually works longer than regular insulin.
Glucophage (metformin)
Used with diet and exercise to control blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes. May be used alone
or with other medicines.
starting dose of GLUCOPHAGE (metformin hydrochloride) Tablets is 500 mg twice a day or 850 mg once
a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly or 850 mg
every 2 weeks, up to a total of 2000 mg per day.
4|Page
