1
, STUDY GUIDE
THE A+ ADVANTANGE: ACE YOUR 2026/2027 NURS 5433 FNP
II FINAL EXAMINATION COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONSA AND ANSWERS
⩥ How can you differentiate between hordeolum and chalazion?
Answer: Hordeolum (stye) is an acute, painful, red, swollen nodule at
the eyelid margin due to infection, while chalazion is a chronic,
nonpainful, firm nodule from a blocked meibomian gland.
⩥ What are the symptoms and treatment options for conjunctivitis.
Answer: Bacterial conjunctivitis presents with mucopurulent discharge
and is treated with antibiotic drops. Viral conjunctivitis has watery
discharge and is treated with supportive care. Allergic conjunctivitis
involves watery, itchy discharge and is treated with antihistamine eye
drops.
⩥ What is the diagnostic method for corneal abrasion. Answer: Corneal
abrasion is diagnosed using fluorescein staining.
⩥ What is the treatment for periorbital edema. Answer: Treatment for
periorbital edema depends on the cause and may include antihistamines
or antibiotics if cellulitis is suspected.
2
,⩥
⩥ What are the differences between pterygium and pingueculum?.
Answer: Pterygium is a triangular, fleshy mass on the inner eye
extending onto the cornea, while pingueculum is a yellowish-white
conjunctival growth that does not cross the cornea.
⩥ What are the causes and treatments for dry eye?. Answer: Dry eye can
be caused by aging, autoimmune diseases (like Sjogren's), and medication
side effects. Treatments include artificial tears and cyclosporine eye
drops.
⩥ What is hyphema and its treatment?. Answer: Hyphema is a medical
emergency characterized by blood pooling in the anterior chamber of the
eye, requiring urgent referral to ER or ophthalmology.
⩥ What is glaucoma and its types?. Answer: Glaucoma is characterized
by increased eye pressure. Types include open-angle (chronic, painless)
and angle-closure (acute, painful, emergency).
⩥ What are the symptoms and treatment for diabetic retinopathy?.
Answer: Diabetic retinopathy requires yearly dilated eye exams and is
treated with laser therapy, blood sugar control, and management of
diabetes.
, STUDY GUIDE
What are the two types of macular degeneration?. Answer: The two
types of macular degeneration are dry (with drusen deposits) and wet
(with neovascularization), with wet being more severe.
⩥ What is strabismus and its types?. Answer: Strabismus is the
misalignment of eyes, with estropia (inward) and extropia (outward)
leading to double vision or amblyopia.
⩥ What is conductive hearing loss and its common causes?. Answer:
Conductive hearing loss can be caused by cerumen impaction or otitis
media.
⩥ What is the treatment for cerumen impaction?. Answer: Treatment
includes cerumenolytics to soften the wax, followed by ear irrigation or
manual removal.
⩥ What are the first-line treatments for otitis media?. Answer: First-line
treatment for otitis media is amoxicillin; second-line is Augmentin;
third-line options include azithromycin or other antibiotics if there is a
penicillin allergy.
⩥ What is otitis externa and its causative organisms?. Answer: Otitis
externa, or swimmer's ear, is caused by organisms such as Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli.
4
, STUDY GUIDE
THE A+ ADVANTANGE: ACE YOUR 2026/2027 NURS 5433 FNP
II FINAL EXAMINATION COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONSA AND ANSWERS
⩥ How can you differentiate between hordeolum and chalazion?
Answer: Hordeolum (stye) is an acute, painful, red, swollen nodule at
the eyelid margin due to infection, while chalazion is a chronic,
nonpainful, firm nodule from a blocked meibomian gland.
⩥ What are the symptoms and treatment options for conjunctivitis.
Answer: Bacterial conjunctivitis presents with mucopurulent discharge
and is treated with antibiotic drops. Viral conjunctivitis has watery
discharge and is treated with supportive care. Allergic conjunctivitis
involves watery, itchy discharge and is treated with antihistamine eye
drops.
⩥ What is the diagnostic method for corneal abrasion. Answer: Corneal
abrasion is diagnosed using fluorescein staining.
⩥ What is the treatment for periorbital edema. Answer: Treatment for
periorbital edema depends on the cause and may include antihistamines
or antibiotics if cellulitis is suspected.
2
,⩥
⩥ What are the differences between pterygium and pingueculum?.
Answer: Pterygium is a triangular, fleshy mass on the inner eye
extending onto the cornea, while pingueculum is a yellowish-white
conjunctival growth that does not cross the cornea.
⩥ What are the causes and treatments for dry eye?. Answer: Dry eye can
be caused by aging, autoimmune diseases (like Sjogren's), and medication
side effects. Treatments include artificial tears and cyclosporine eye
drops.
⩥ What is hyphema and its treatment?. Answer: Hyphema is a medical
emergency characterized by blood pooling in the anterior chamber of the
eye, requiring urgent referral to ER or ophthalmology.
⩥ What is glaucoma and its types?. Answer: Glaucoma is characterized
by increased eye pressure. Types include open-angle (chronic, painless)
and angle-closure (acute, painful, emergency).
⩥ What are the symptoms and treatment for diabetic retinopathy?.
Answer: Diabetic retinopathy requires yearly dilated eye exams and is
treated with laser therapy, blood sugar control, and management of
diabetes.
, STUDY GUIDE
What are the two types of macular degeneration?. Answer: The two
types of macular degeneration are dry (with drusen deposits) and wet
(with neovascularization), with wet being more severe.
⩥ What is strabismus and its types?. Answer: Strabismus is the
misalignment of eyes, with estropia (inward) and extropia (outward)
leading to double vision or amblyopia.
⩥ What is conductive hearing loss and its common causes?. Answer:
Conductive hearing loss can be caused by cerumen impaction or otitis
media.
⩥ What is the treatment for cerumen impaction?. Answer: Treatment
includes cerumenolytics to soften the wax, followed by ear irrigation or
manual removal.
⩥ What are the first-line treatments for otitis media?. Answer: First-line
treatment for otitis media is amoxicillin; second-line is Augmentin;
third-line options include azithromycin or other antibiotics if there is a
penicillin allergy.
⩥ What is otitis externa and its causative organisms?. Answer: Otitis
externa, or swimmer's ear, is caused by organisms such as Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli.
4
