APEA 3P Full-Length Practice Exam: Test Bank Questions
Covering Infectious Disease, Cardiology, Endocrinology,
Neurology, Musculoskeletal, Pediatrics, Pharmacology,
Hematology, Immunology, Laboratory Values, General
Clinical Knowledge, and Patient Care
Infectious Disease
1.
A 28-year-old female presents with a 3-day history of severe right lower quadrant pain,
nausea, and low-grade fever. She denies vaginal discharge. On exam, she has positive
McBurney's point tenderness and rebound tenderness. Pregnancy test is negative. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Pelvic inflammatory disease
B. Mittelschmerz
C. Acute appendicitis
D. Ectopic pregnancy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RLQ pain with positive McBurney's point and rebound tenderness, plus
systemic symptoms, is the classic presentation of acute appendicitis. PID typically
presents with bilateral pain and cervical motion tenderness. Ectopic pregnancy is ruled
out by negative pregnancy test.
2.
A 42-year-old male presents with fever, chills, and a productive cough with rust-colored
sputum. Chest X-ray reveals lobar consolidation. Which organism is the most likely
cause?
A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
,B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Legionella pneumophila
D. Haemophilus influenzae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rust-colored sputum and lobar consolidation are classic for Streptococcus
pneumoniae pneumonia. Mycoplasma typically causes atypical pneumonia with dry
cough.
3.
A patient presents with a painless, indurated ulcer on the genitalia. Darkfield microscopy
confirms the diagnosis. Which stage of syphilis is this?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Latent
D. Tertiary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary stage of syphilis is characterized by a painless chancre at the site
of inoculation. Secondary syphilis presents with a rash.
4.
Which immune defect predisposes a patient to opportunistic infections such as
Pneumocystis jirovecii?
A. B-cell deficiency
B. T-cell deficiency
C. Complement deficiency
D. Neutrophil deficiency
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: T-cell deficiency, as seen in HIV/AIDS, impairs cell-mediated immunity,
predisposing to opportunistic infections.
5.
A 35-year-old male presents with acute right knee pain after a twisting injury. The
Lachman test is positive. Which structure is most likely injured?
A. Medial collateral ligament
B. Lateral collateral ligament
C. Anterior cruciate ligament
D. Posterior cruciate ligament
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Lachman test is the most sensitive test for ACL injury (90–95%
sensitivity). MCL injury is tested with valgus stress, and PCL with posterior drawer.
6.
A patient with allergic rhinitis is examined. The nasal mucosa appears:
A. Erythematous and swollen
B. Pale and boggy
C. Atrophic and dry
D. Purulent and crusted
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic rhinitis causes pale, boggy nasal mucosa due to histamine-mediated
vasodilation and edema.
7.
, A child presents with a reddish-blue, irregularly shaped, solid, spongy mass of blood
vessels that enlarges during the first 10–15 months. What is this characteristic of?
A. Port-wine stain
B. Cavernous hemangioma
C. Strawberry hemangioma
D. Telangiectasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cavernous hemangiomas are present at birth and enlarge during the first
10–15 months.
8.
A 55-year-old male presents with progressive dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and
bilateral lower extremity edema. Exam reveals JVD, an S3 gallop, and bibasilar crackles.
BNP is 850 pg/mL. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. COPD exacerbation
B. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The classic triad of heart failure plus objective findings (JVD, S3 gallop,
crackles, elevated BNP) strongly supports HF.
9.
A 45-year-old female presents with 6 months of fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and
dry skin. TSH is 12.5 mIU/L. Which additional test is most appropriate to determine the
etiology?
A. Thyroid ultrasound
B. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies
Covering Infectious Disease, Cardiology, Endocrinology,
Neurology, Musculoskeletal, Pediatrics, Pharmacology,
Hematology, Immunology, Laboratory Values, General
Clinical Knowledge, and Patient Care
Infectious Disease
1.
A 28-year-old female presents with a 3-day history of severe right lower quadrant pain,
nausea, and low-grade fever. She denies vaginal discharge. On exam, she has positive
McBurney's point tenderness and rebound tenderness. Pregnancy test is negative. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Pelvic inflammatory disease
B. Mittelschmerz
C. Acute appendicitis
D. Ectopic pregnancy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RLQ pain with positive McBurney's point and rebound tenderness, plus
systemic symptoms, is the classic presentation of acute appendicitis. PID typically
presents with bilateral pain and cervical motion tenderness. Ectopic pregnancy is ruled
out by negative pregnancy test.
2.
A 42-year-old male presents with fever, chills, and a productive cough with rust-colored
sputum. Chest X-ray reveals lobar consolidation. Which organism is the most likely
cause?
A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
,B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Legionella pneumophila
D. Haemophilus influenzae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rust-colored sputum and lobar consolidation are classic for Streptococcus
pneumoniae pneumonia. Mycoplasma typically causes atypical pneumonia with dry
cough.
3.
A patient presents with a painless, indurated ulcer on the genitalia. Darkfield microscopy
confirms the diagnosis. Which stage of syphilis is this?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Latent
D. Tertiary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary stage of syphilis is characterized by a painless chancre at the site
of inoculation. Secondary syphilis presents with a rash.
4.
Which immune defect predisposes a patient to opportunistic infections such as
Pneumocystis jirovecii?
A. B-cell deficiency
B. T-cell deficiency
C. Complement deficiency
D. Neutrophil deficiency
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: T-cell deficiency, as seen in HIV/AIDS, impairs cell-mediated immunity,
predisposing to opportunistic infections.
5.
A 35-year-old male presents with acute right knee pain after a twisting injury. The
Lachman test is positive. Which structure is most likely injured?
A. Medial collateral ligament
B. Lateral collateral ligament
C. Anterior cruciate ligament
D. Posterior cruciate ligament
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Lachman test is the most sensitive test for ACL injury (90–95%
sensitivity). MCL injury is tested with valgus stress, and PCL with posterior drawer.
6.
A patient with allergic rhinitis is examined. The nasal mucosa appears:
A. Erythematous and swollen
B. Pale and boggy
C. Atrophic and dry
D. Purulent and crusted
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic rhinitis causes pale, boggy nasal mucosa due to histamine-mediated
vasodilation and edema.
7.
, A child presents with a reddish-blue, irregularly shaped, solid, spongy mass of blood
vessels that enlarges during the first 10–15 months. What is this characteristic of?
A. Port-wine stain
B. Cavernous hemangioma
C. Strawberry hemangioma
D. Telangiectasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cavernous hemangiomas are present at birth and enlarge during the first
10–15 months.
8.
A 55-year-old male presents with progressive dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and
bilateral lower extremity edema. Exam reveals JVD, an S3 gallop, and bibasilar crackles.
BNP is 850 pg/mL. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. COPD exacerbation
B. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The classic triad of heart failure plus objective findings (JVD, S3 gallop,
crackles, elevated BNP) strongly supports HF.
9.
A 45-year-old female presents with 6 months of fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and
dry skin. TSH is 12.5 mIU/L. Which additional test is most appropriate to determine the
etiology?
A. Thyroid ultrasound
B. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies
