NURS 617 PHARM EXAM 3 EXAM PREP
SOLVED QUESTIONS ACCURATE ANSWERS
PREMIUM REVIEW
◉ High AG acidosis
Answer: Unmeasured anions (lactate, ketones, toxins, renal failure).
◉ Normal AG (hyperchloremic) acidosis
Answer: HCO₃⁻ loss (diarrhea, RTA). Guides differential and toxin
searches.
◉ Mixed acid-base disorders
Answer: Coexistence of ≥2 primary processes (e.g., COPD w/
diarrhea → respiratory acidosis + metabolic acidosis).
◉ Winter's formula
Answer: Expected PaCO₂ in metabolic acidosis.
◉ Delta-gap analysis
Answer: Used to detect mismatches suggesting mixed disorders.
, ◉ Structure of a Gene
Answer: A segment of DNA that encodes functional products
(proteins or RNA).
◉ Promoter region
Answer: Initiates transcription.
◉ Exons
Answer: Coding sequences.
◉ Introns
Answer: Noncoding sequences, spliced out.
◉ Termination sequence
Answer: Signals end of transcription.
◉ Central dogma
Answer: DNA → RNA → Protein.
◉ Transcription factors
Answer: Control gene expression.
SOLVED QUESTIONS ACCURATE ANSWERS
PREMIUM REVIEW
◉ High AG acidosis
Answer: Unmeasured anions (lactate, ketones, toxins, renal failure).
◉ Normal AG (hyperchloremic) acidosis
Answer: HCO₃⁻ loss (diarrhea, RTA). Guides differential and toxin
searches.
◉ Mixed acid-base disorders
Answer: Coexistence of ≥2 primary processes (e.g., COPD w/
diarrhea → respiratory acidosis + metabolic acidosis).
◉ Winter's formula
Answer: Expected PaCO₂ in metabolic acidosis.
◉ Delta-gap analysis
Answer: Used to detect mismatches suggesting mixed disorders.
, ◉ Structure of a Gene
Answer: A segment of DNA that encodes functional products
(proteins or RNA).
◉ Promoter region
Answer: Initiates transcription.
◉ Exons
Answer: Coding sequences.
◉ Introns
Answer: Noncoding sequences, spliced out.
◉ Termination sequence
Answer: Signals end of transcription.
◉ Central dogma
Answer: DNA → RNA → Protein.
◉ Transcription factors
Answer: Control gene expression.
