APUSH AMSCO EXAM SCRIPT COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
⫸ industrial technology Answer: After 1840, industrialization spread
rapidly throughout most of the Northeast. New factories produced shoes,
sewing machines, ready-to-wear clothing, firearms, precision tools, and
iron products for railroads and other new products. (p. 238)
⫸ railroads Answer: In the 1840s and the 1850s this industry expanded
very quickly and would become America's largest industry. It required
immense amounts of capital and labor and gave rise to complex business
organizations. Local and state governments gave the industry tax breaks
and special loans to finance growth. (p. 238)
⫸ Panic of 1857 Answer: Financial crash which sharply lowered
Midwest farmers prices and caused unemployment in the Northern
cities. The South was not affected as much because cotton prices
remained high. (p. 239)
⫸ Great American Desert Answer: In the 1850s and 1860s, the arid area
between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Coast, was known by this
name. (p. 236)
⫸ mountain men Answer: The first non-native people to open the Far
West. These fur trappers and explorers included James Beckwourth, Jim
Bridger, Kit Carson, and Jedediah Smith. (p. 237)
,⫸ Far West Answer: In the 1820s the Rocky Mountains would be
known by this name. (p. 237)
⫸ overland trails Answer: The wagon train trails that led from Missouri
or Iowa to the west coast. They traveled only 15 miles per day and
followed the river valleys through the Great Plains. Months later, the
wagon trains would finally reach the foothills of the Rockies or face the
hardships of the southwestern deserts. The final challenge was to reach
the mountain passes before the first heavy snows. Disease was even a
greater threat than Indian attack. (p. 237)
⫸ mining frontier Answer: The discovery of gold in California in 1848
caused the first flood of newcomers to the West. A series of gold strikes
and silver strikes in what became the states of Colorado, Nevada, Idaho,
Montana, Arizona, and South Dakota kept a steady flow of hopeful
young prospectors pushing into the West. (p. 237)
⫸ gold rush Answer: California's population soared from 14,000 in
1848 to 380,000 in 1860, primarily because of this event. (p. 237)
⫸ silver rush Answer: The discovery of silver in Colorado, Nevada, the
Black Hills of the Dakotas, and other western territories, created a
mining boom. (p 237)
⫸ farming frontier Answer: In the 1830s and 1840s pioneer families
moved west to start homesteads and begin farming. Government
programs allowed settlers to purchase inexpensive parcels of land. (p.
237)
,⫸ urban frontier Answer: Western cities that arose as a result of
railroads, mineral wealth, and farming. They included San Francisco,
Denver, and Salt Lake City. (p. 238)
⫸ federal land grants Answer: In 1850, the U.S. government gave 2.6
million acres of federal land to build the Illinois Central railroad from
Lake Michigan to Gulf of Mexico. (p. 238)
⫸ John Tyler Answer: He was elected Vice President, then he became
the tenth president (1841-1845) when Benjamin Harrison died. He was
responsible for the annexation of Mexico after receiving a mandate from
Polk. He opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic
recovery. (p. 231)
⫸ Oregon territory Answer: This was a vast territory on the Pacific
coast that stretched as far north as the Alaskan border. Originally the
United States was interested in all the territory, but in 1846 Britain and
the U.S. agreed to divide the territory at the 49th Parallel, today's border
between Canada and the United States. (p. 232)
⫸ Fifty-four Forty or Fight Answer: The slogan of James K. Polk's plan
for the Oregon Territory. They wanted the border of the territory to be
on 54' 40° latitude (near present-day Alaska) and were willing to fight
Britain over it. Eventually, 49 degrees latitude was adopted as the
northern border of the United States, and there was no violence. (p. 232)
, ⫸ James K. Polk Answer: The eleventh U.S. president (1845-1849).
Polk was a slave owning southerner dedicated to Democratic party. In
1844, he was a "dark horse" candidate for president, and a protege of
Andrew Jackson. He favored American expansion, especially advocating
the annexation of Texas, California, and Oregon. (p. 232)
⫸ Wilmot Proviso Answer: In 1846, the first year of the Mexican War,
this bill would forbid slavery in any of the new territories acquired from
Mexico. the bill passed the House twice, but was defeated in the Senate.
(p. 234)
⫸ Franklin Pierce Answer: In 1852, he was elected the fourteenth
president of the United States. (p. 236)
⫸ Ostend Manifesto Answer: The United States offer to purchase Cuba
from Spain. When the plan leaked to the press in the United States, it
provoked an angry reaction from antislavery members of Congress,
forcing President Franklin Pierce to drop the plan. (p. 235)
⫸ Texas Answer: In 1823, Texas won its national independence from
Spain. The annexation of this state was by a joint resolution of Congress,
supported by President-elect James Polk. This annexation contributed to
the Mexican War because the border with Mexico was in dispute. Land
from the Republic of Texas later became parts of New Mexico,
Colorado, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming. (p. 233)
⫸ industrial technology Answer: After 1840, industrialization spread
rapidly throughout most of the Northeast. New factories produced shoes,
sewing machines, ready-to-wear clothing, firearms, precision tools, and
iron products for railroads and other new products. (p. 238)
⫸ railroads Answer: In the 1840s and the 1850s this industry expanded
very quickly and would become America's largest industry. It required
immense amounts of capital and labor and gave rise to complex business
organizations. Local and state governments gave the industry tax breaks
and special loans to finance growth. (p. 238)
⫸ Panic of 1857 Answer: Financial crash which sharply lowered
Midwest farmers prices and caused unemployment in the Northern
cities. The South was not affected as much because cotton prices
remained high. (p. 239)
⫸ Great American Desert Answer: In the 1850s and 1860s, the arid area
between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Coast, was known by this
name. (p. 236)
⫸ mountain men Answer: The first non-native people to open the Far
West. These fur trappers and explorers included James Beckwourth, Jim
Bridger, Kit Carson, and Jedediah Smith. (p. 237)
,⫸ Far West Answer: In the 1820s the Rocky Mountains would be
known by this name. (p. 237)
⫸ overland trails Answer: The wagon train trails that led from Missouri
or Iowa to the west coast. They traveled only 15 miles per day and
followed the river valleys through the Great Plains. Months later, the
wagon trains would finally reach the foothills of the Rockies or face the
hardships of the southwestern deserts. The final challenge was to reach
the mountain passes before the first heavy snows. Disease was even a
greater threat than Indian attack. (p. 237)
⫸ mining frontier Answer: The discovery of gold in California in 1848
caused the first flood of newcomers to the West. A series of gold strikes
and silver strikes in what became the states of Colorado, Nevada, Idaho,
Montana, Arizona, and South Dakota kept a steady flow of hopeful
young prospectors pushing into the West. (p. 237)
⫸ gold rush Answer: California's population soared from 14,000 in
1848 to 380,000 in 1860, primarily because of this event. (p. 237)
⫸ silver rush Answer: The discovery of silver in Colorado, Nevada, the
Black Hills of the Dakotas, and other western territories, created a
mining boom. (p 237)
⫸ farming frontier Answer: In the 1830s and 1840s pioneer families
moved west to start homesteads and begin farming. Government
programs allowed settlers to purchase inexpensive parcels of land. (p.
237)
,⫸ urban frontier Answer: Western cities that arose as a result of
railroads, mineral wealth, and farming. They included San Francisco,
Denver, and Salt Lake City. (p. 238)
⫸ federal land grants Answer: In 1850, the U.S. government gave 2.6
million acres of federal land to build the Illinois Central railroad from
Lake Michigan to Gulf of Mexico. (p. 238)
⫸ John Tyler Answer: He was elected Vice President, then he became
the tenth president (1841-1845) when Benjamin Harrison died. He was
responsible for the annexation of Mexico after receiving a mandate from
Polk. He opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic
recovery. (p. 231)
⫸ Oregon territory Answer: This was a vast territory on the Pacific
coast that stretched as far north as the Alaskan border. Originally the
United States was interested in all the territory, but in 1846 Britain and
the U.S. agreed to divide the territory at the 49th Parallel, today's border
between Canada and the United States. (p. 232)
⫸ Fifty-four Forty or Fight Answer: The slogan of James K. Polk's plan
for the Oregon Territory. They wanted the border of the territory to be
on 54' 40° latitude (near present-day Alaska) and were willing to fight
Britain over it. Eventually, 49 degrees latitude was adopted as the
northern border of the United States, and there was no violence. (p. 232)
, ⫸ James K. Polk Answer: The eleventh U.S. president (1845-1849).
Polk was a slave owning southerner dedicated to Democratic party. In
1844, he was a "dark horse" candidate for president, and a protege of
Andrew Jackson. He favored American expansion, especially advocating
the annexation of Texas, California, and Oregon. (p. 232)
⫸ Wilmot Proviso Answer: In 1846, the first year of the Mexican War,
this bill would forbid slavery in any of the new territories acquired from
Mexico. the bill passed the House twice, but was defeated in the Senate.
(p. 234)
⫸ Franklin Pierce Answer: In 1852, he was elected the fourteenth
president of the United States. (p. 236)
⫸ Ostend Manifesto Answer: The United States offer to purchase Cuba
from Spain. When the plan leaked to the press in the United States, it
provoked an angry reaction from antislavery members of Congress,
forcing President Franklin Pierce to drop the plan. (p. 235)
⫸ Texas Answer: In 1823, Texas won its national independence from
Spain. The annexation of this state was by a joint resolution of Congress,
supported by President-elect James Polk. This annexation contributed to
the Mexican War because the border with Mexico was in dispute. Land
from the Republic of Texas later became parts of New Mexico,
Colorado, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming. (p. 233)
