Nursing Test & Nutrition MCQs Complete `` `` `` `` `` ``
Practice Exam BMR, Diet Therapy, Pain `` ```` `` `` `` ``
Management, Sleep Hygiene & `` `` `` ``
SelfManagement Complete Q&A with ` `` `` ``
Rationales for Certification Success `` `` `` ``
(2026–2027Updated)
``
SECTION A: BASAL METABOLIC RATE & ENERGY BALANCE
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
(Questions 1-30) `` ``
``
Question 1 `` ``
What is the definition of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
A) The total energy expended during physical activity
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
B) The energy required to maintain basic physiological functions at r
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
est ``
C) The energy required to digest and absorb food
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
D) The energy expended during exercise
`` `` `` `` ``
Answer: B) The energy required to maintain basic physiological
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
functions at rest `` `` ``
,Rationale: BMR is the minimum energy required to sustain vital
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` bodily functions (breathing, circulation, cellular metabolism) at rest i
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
n a thermoneutral environment. It represents the largest component
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` of total energy expenditure in most individuals . Factors such as
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` age, gender, body composition, and genetics influence BMR .
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
``
Question 2 `` ``
Which of the following factors increases BMR?
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
A) Aging ``
B) Fever ``
C) Starvation ``
D) Hypothyroidism ``
Answer: B) Fever `` `` ``
Rationale: Fever increases BMR by approximately 7% for each 1°F
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
(0.56°C) increase in temperature due to increased metabolic
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` activity during immune response. Aging, starvation, and
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
hypothyroidism decrease BMR. Other factors that increase BMR `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
include hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, and growth periods .
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
``
,Question 3 `` ``
A patient with a BMR of 1,400 kcal/day has a total energy
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` expenditure of 2,100 kcal/day. What is the approximate energy `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` cost of physical activity and thermic effect of food?
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
A) 300 kcal/day `` ``
B) 500 kcal/day `` ``
C) 700 kcal/day `` ``
D) 900 kcal/day `` ``
Answer: C) 700 kcal/day `` `` `` ``
Rationale: Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) = BMR (60-75%) + `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
Physical Activity (15- `` ``
35%) + Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) (510%) . TEE (2,100) -
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
`` BMR (1,400) = 700 kcal/day, representing physical activity and TE
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
F . This is consistent with a moderately active lifestyle.
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
``
Question 4 `` ``
A patient asks the nurse what happens to BMR with aging. The nurse's
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
`` best response is:
`` `` ``
A) BMR remains constant throughout life `` `` `` `` ``
B) BMR increases with age due to higher fat stores
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
C) BMR decreases with age due to loss of lean muscle mass
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
, D) BMR decreases with age due to lower body temperature
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
Answer: C) BMR decreases with age due to loss of lean muscle mass
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
Rationale: BMR declines with age primarily due to sarcopenia (loss o `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
f skeletal muscle mass). Muscle tissue is more metabolically active tha
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
n adipose tissue. The decline is approximately 1-
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
2% per decade after age 30 . This contributes to lower energy need
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
s in older adults .
`` `` `` `` ``
``
Question 5 `` ``
What is the thermic effect of food (TEF)?
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
A) The energy required to maintain body temperature B) Th
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
e energy required for digestion, absorption, and metabolis
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
m of nutrients
`` `` ``
C) The energy required for physical activity
`` `` `` `` `` ``
D) The energy required for cellular respiration
`` `` `` `` `` ``
Answer: B) The energy required for digestion, absorption, and met
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
abolism of nutrients `` `` ``
Rationale: TEF represents the energy used to digest, absorb, transp `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
ort, and metabolize nutrients . It accounts for
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
Practice Exam BMR, Diet Therapy, Pain `` ```` `` `` `` ``
Management, Sleep Hygiene & `` `` `` ``
SelfManagement Complete Q&A with ` `` `` ``
Rationales for Certification Success `` `` `` ``
(2026–2027Updated)
``
SECTION A: BASAL METABOLIC RATE & ENERGY BALANCE
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
(Questions 1-30) `` ``
``
Question 1 `` ``
What is the definition of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
A) The total energy expended during physical activity
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
B) The energy required to maintain basic physiological functions at r
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
est ``
C) The energy required to digest and absorb food
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
D) The energy expended during exercise
`` `` `` `` ``
Answer: B) The energy required to maintain basic physiological
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
functions at rest `` `` ``
,Rationale: BMR is the minimum energy required to sustain vital
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` bodily functions (breathing, circulation, cellular metabolism) at rest i
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
n a thermoneutral environment. It represents the largest component
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` of total energy expenditure in most individuals . Factors such as
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` age, gender, body composition, and genetics influence BMR .
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
``
Question 2 `` ``
Which of the following factors increases BMR?
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
A) Aging ``
B) Fever ``
C) Starvation ``
D) Hypothyroidism ``
Answer: B) Fever `` `` ``
Rationale: Fever increases BMR by approximately 7% for each 1°F
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
(0.56°C) increase in temperature due to increased metabolic
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` activity during immune response. Aging, starvation, and
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
hypothyroidism decrease BMR. Other factors that increase BMR `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
include hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, and growth periods .
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
``
,Question 3 `` ``
A patient with a BMR of 1,400 kcal/day has a total energy
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` expenditure of 2,100 kcal/day. What is the approximate energy `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `
` cost of physical activity and thermic effect of food?
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
A) 300 kcal/day `` ``
B) 500 kcal/day `` ``
C) 700 kcal/day `` ``
D) 900 kcal/day `` ``
Answer: C) 700 kcal/day `` `` `` ``
Rationale: Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) = BMR (60-75%) + `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
Physical Activity (15- `` ``
35%) + Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) (510%) . TEE (2,100) -
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
`` BMR (1,400) = 700 kcal/day, representing physical activity and TE
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
F . This is consistent with a moderately active lifestyle.
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
``
Question 4 `` ``
A patient asks the nurse what happens to BMR with aging. The nurse's
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
`` best response is:
`` `` ``
A) BMR remains constant throughout life `` `` `` `` ``
B) BMR increases with age due to higher fat stores
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
C) BMR decreases with age due to loss of lean muscle mass
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
, D) BMR decreases with age due to lower body temperature
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
Answer: C) BMR decreases with age due to loss of lean muscle mass
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
Rationale: BMR declines with age primarily due to sarcopenia (loss o `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
f skeletal muscle mass). Muscle tissue is more metabolically active tha
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
n adipose tissue. The decline is approximately 1-
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
2% per decade after age 30 . This contributes to lower energy need
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
s in older adults .
`` `` `` `` ``
``
Question 5 `` ``
What is the thermic effect of food (TEF)?
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
A) The energy required to maintain body temperature B) Th
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
e energy required for digestion, absorption, and metabolis
`` `` `` `` `` `` ``
m of nutrients
`` `` ``
C) The energy required for physical activity
`` `` `` `` `` ``
D) The energy required for cellular respiration
`` `` `` `` `` ``
Answer: B) The energy required for digestion, absorption, and met
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
abolism of nutrients `` `` ``
Rationale: TEF represents the energy used to digest, absorb, transp `` `` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
ort, and metabolize nutrients . It accounts for
`` `` `` `` `` `` `` ``
