NUR 176 Exam 3 Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace
2026-2027 Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions
With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. What is perfusion? - Correct Answer: the flow of blood through arteries
and capillaries, deliver nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing cellular
waste products.
2. Flow of the heart - Correct Answer: Inferior/Superior vena cava to right
atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semi lunar valve,
pulmonary arteries, (deox), lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve,
left ventricle, aortic semi lunar valve, aorta, (oxy) into the body!
3. Cardiac Output - Correct Answer: Volume of blood pumped by heart per
minute.
4. Tissue perfusion is dependent on? - Correct Answer: adequate cardiac
output.
5. Normal cardiac output? - Correct Answer: 4-8 L/min
6. W hat are some things that affect cardiac output? - Correct Answer:
heart rate
arrythmias
blood volume
, contractility of muscle
heart attack
medications
cardiac disease.
7. Amount of blood remaining in a ventricle at the end of diastole, if
increased, can cause increased cardiac output? - Correct Answer:
Preload
increased in hypervolemia
regurgitation of cardiac valves
heart failure
8. The amount of pressure the ventricle must overcome to eject the blood
volume to circulation, is determined by pressure in arterial system,
decreased with vasodilation, increased with vasoconstriction is what? -
Correct Answer: Afterload
this is increased in hypertension
vasoconstriction increased afterload= increased cardiac workload.
9. How would a nurse tell what the patient cardiac output is/ what are signs
and symptoms, will the pt perfuse well? - Correct Answer: if your
cardiac out is decreased, you will not perfuse well
-Decreased LOC
-pt will complain of chest pain
-wet, crackles
-cold, clammy skin
-decreased urinary output.
weak peripheral pulses
arrythmias (NOT a big deal until they affect Cardiac output(co)).
,10.What 3 things are ALWAYS a big deal with cardiac output - Correct
Answer: Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
ventricular fibrillation
Asystole
11.What medications are used for preload? - Correct Answer: medications
that vasodilate or diuresis to decrease preload.
ex diuretics-furosemide, spironolactone
ace inhibitors- enalapril, captopril
12.what medications are used for Afterload - Correct Answer: we use
medications to vasodilate to decrease afterload
ARBS valsartan, losartan
nitrates
13.what are some other things that increase preload? - Correct Answer: -Iv
fluids
-venous constriction
-lying flat
-more blood volume.
14.Medications that improve contractility? - Correct Answer: inotropes-
drugs that alter the force of heart muscle contractions, either increasing or
decreasing cardiac contractility.
-milrinone, dopamine, dobutamine
, 15.Medications that controls rate for cardiac output? - Correct Answer: -
Beta-Blockers: Propranolol, metoprolol, carvedilol, atenolol.
- calcium channel blockers: diltiazem, verapamil, amlodipine, digoxin
16.Beta blockers does what - Correct Answer: slow down your heart rate
and relax your blood vessels.
17.Calcium channel blockers - Correct Answer: Calcium channel blockers
are medications that relax blood vessels and reduce heart workload by
limiting calcium entry into heart and blood vessel cells.
What medications control rhtym for cardiac output? - Correct Answer:
antiarrhythmics: amiodarone
normal sinus rhythm has - Correct Answer: P-QRS-T complex
rate- 60-100
rhythm is regular
SA node is still in charge the heart is using the normal pathway.
Sinus bradycardia - Correct Answer: has P-QRS-T complex just slower.
rate is less than 60bpm
is Not treated unless pt symptomatic
causes of sinus bradycardia/ symptoms - Correct Answer: medications
digoxin, betablockers
2026-2027 Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions
With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. What is perfusion? - Correct Answer: the flow of blood through arteries
and capillaries, deliver nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing cellular
waste products.
2. Flow of the heart - Correct Answer: Inferior/Superior vena cava to right
atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semi lunar valve,
pulmonary arteries, (deox), lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve,
left ventricle, aortic semi lunar valve, aorta, (oxy) into the body!
3. Cardiac Output - Correct Answer: Volume of blood pumped by heart per
minute.
4. Tissue perfusion is dependent on? - Correct Answer: adequate cardiac
output.
5. Normal cardiac output? - Correct Answer: 4-8 L/min
6. W hat are some things that affect cardiac output? - Correct Answer:
heart rate
arrythmias
blood volume
, contractility of muscle
heart attack
medications
cardiac disease.
7. Amount of blood remaining in a ventricle at the end of diastole, if
increased, can cause increased cardiac output? - Correct Answer:
Preload
increased in hypervolemia
regurgitation of cardiac valves
heart failure
8. The amount of pressure the ventricle must overcome to eject the blood
volume to circulation, is determined by pressure in arterial system,
decreased with vasodilation, increased with vasoconstriction is what? -
Correct Answer: Afterload
this is increased in hypertension
vasoconstriction increased afterload= increased cardiac workload.
9. How would a nurse tell what the patient cardiac output is/ what are signs
and symptoms, will the pt perfuse well? - Correct Answer: if your
cardiac out is decreased, you will not perfuse well
-Decreased LOC
-pt will complain of chest pain
-wet, crackles
-cold, clammy skin
-decreased urinary output.
weak peripheral pulses
arrythmias (NOT a big deal until they affect Cardiac output(co)).
,10.What 3 things are ALWAYS a big deal with cardiac output - Correct
Answer: Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
ventricular fibrillation
Asystole
11.What medications are used for preload? - Correct Answer: medications
that vasodilate or diuresis to decrease preload.
ex diuretics-furosemide, spironolactone
ace inhibitors- enalapril, captopril
12.what medications are used for Afterload - Correct Answer: we use
medications to vasodilate to decrease afterload
ARBS valsartan, losartan
nitrates
13.what are some other things that increase preload? - Correct Answer: -Iv
fluids
-venous constriction
-lying flat
-more blood volume.
14.Medications that improve contractility? - Correct Answer: inotropes-
drugs that alter the force of heart muscle contractions, either increasing or
decreasing cardiac contractility.
-milrinone, dopamine, dobutamine
, 15.Medications that controls rate for cardiac output? - Correct Answer: -
Beta-Blockers: Propranolol, metoprolol, carvedilol, atenolol.
- calcium channel blockers: diltiazem, verapamil, amlodipine, digoxin
16.Beta blockers does what - Correct Answer: slow down your heart rate
and relax your blood vessels.
17.Calcium channel blockers - Correct Answer: Calcium channel blockers
are medications that relax blood vessels and reduce heart workload by
limiting calcium entry into heart and blood vessel cells.
What medications control rhtym for cardiac output? - Correct Answer:
antiarrhythmics: amiodarone
normal sinus rhythm has - Correct Answer: P-QRS-T complex
rate- 60-100
rhythm is regular
SA node is still in charge the heart is using the normal pathway.
Sinus bradycardia - Correct Answer: has P-QRS-T complex just slower.
rate is less than 60bpm
is Not treated unless pt symptomatic
causes of sinus bradycardia/ symptoms - Correct Answer: medications
digoxin, betablockers
