WCU PHYS 261 Midterm Exam NEWEST 2026-2027
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
BRAND NEW!!
Are you going to get an A on this midterm exam?
a. Hellz yeaaah!
b. I'm happy with a B.
c. Millionaires are C students.
d. I do declare that D is delightfully dignified.
e. F is for fantastic! - CORRECT ANSWER: Hellz yeaaah!
Describe Boyle's Law? - CORRECT ANSWER: As volume increases, pressure decreases.
As volume decreases, pressure increases.
Describe Dalton's Law? - CORRECT ANSWER: The total pressure of a mixture of gasses = The
total partial pressures of the gasses individually.
Describe the air pathway starting from the external environment. - CORRECT ANSWER:
Nose/Mouth > pharynx > larynx > trachea > bronchus > bronchioles > alveoli
Describe the basic steps of blood clotting? - CORRECT ANSWER: Wound exposes collagen (or
rough tissues) -> exposed collagen binds and activates nearby platelets -> platelet factors
released -> factors attract more platelets -> platelets aggregate until wound closes and covers
exposed collagen (or rough tissues).
,Describe the general steps of protein synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. In the nucleus,
transcription process replicate RNA from DNA with polymerase, magnesium ion, and a high
energy source.
2. RNA polymerase causes DNA to unwind creating a single strand of mRNA.
3. Splicing begins when mRNA non coding (introns) and coding proteins (exons) are separated.
5. mRNA exits the nucleus and joins with ribosomes in the cytosol.
6. mRNA binds with ribosomes to initiate protein translation.
7. During translation, pairing of mRNA and tRNA puts newly arrived amino acids into the
correct orientation.
8. The amino acid becomes the base in which the protein is free to form different types proteins.
Describe the importance of the Na+ / K+ pump? - CORRECT ANSWER: The use of active
transport to move molecules across a concentration gradient using 3 sodium ions, 2 potassium
ions, and ATP. The result is that 3 sodium ions are released outside the cell and 2 potassium ions
are placed back in the cell.
Describe the journey of a red blood cell? - CORRECT ANSWER: Iron ingested -> absorbed by
small intestine -> transferrin in plasma transport iron to bone marrow -> bone marrow converts
iron to heme to hemoglobin -> red blood cell synthesis -> 120 days life -> spleen destroys RBC -
> hemoglobin converted to bilirubin -> bilirubin excreted as urine or feces and iron excess
recycled in liver as ferritin or transferrin.
Describe the steps of an action potential? - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Neuron at resting
membrane potential. @-70mv
2. Depolarization stimulus received.
3. Membrane depolarizes, Na+ channels opens, K+ channels delayed but begins to open. @-
50mv
4. Rapid Na+ entry depolarizes the cell.
5. Cell reaches its potential with Na+ forcing channels to close. @+30mv
6. K+ channels are now fully open, K+ exit the cell. @+30mv
7. Hyperpolarizing result from K+ exit. @-72 to -74mv
,8. K+ channels close.
9. Cell returns to resting membrane potential. @-70mv
Describe what happens during gas exchange 1? - CORRECT ANSWER: When the body inhales
the air from the atmosphere in to the lungs AKA ventilation.
Estrogen, androgen, and cortisol are examples of what hormone class? - CORRECT ANSWER:
Steroids
How do alpha cells increase blood sugar? - CORRECT ANSWER: Alpha cells release glucagon.
Glucagon directs liver to breakdown glycogen to glucose.
How do beta cells reduce blood sugar? - CORRECT ANSWER: Beta cells release insulin.
Insulin directs liver to convert glucose to glycogen.
How long is the typical life of a healthy red blood cell? - CORRECT ANSWER: 120 days or 4
months
How to calculate the alveolar ventilation rate?
a. TV-DV
b. IRV-TLC
c. DV-IRV
d. ERV-IRV
e. Dalton's Law * TV/DV - CORRECT ANSWER: a. TV-DV (Total Volume - Dead Space
Volume)
How to calculate total lung capacity?
a. IRV + TV + ERV + RV
b. IRV + TV + ERV
, c. IRV + TV + RV
d. TV + ERV + RV
e. IRV + TV + CRV + RV - CORRECT ANSWER: a. IRV + TV + ERV + RV
How to calculate total pulmonary ventilation?
a. Ventilation Rate x Spirometric Volume
b. Tidal Volume x Total Volume
c. Total Volume x Dalton's Law
d. Ventilation Rate x Tidal Volume
e. Ventialtion Rate x Resting Capacity - CORRECT ANSWER: d. Ventilation Rate x Tidal
Volume
How to calculate Vital Capacity?
a. IRV + TV + ERV
b. RV + VC + TV
c. TLC + HGTV + CNN
d. ERV + IRV
e. I know it, I just don't want to tell you. - CORRECT ANSWER: a. IRV + TV + ERV
If a blood cell is said to be in crenation, it is also which of the following?
a. Hypertonic
b. Hyperglaciated
c. Hyperactivated
d. Isotonic
e. Hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWER: a. Hypertonic
If a blood cell is said to be in hemolysis, it is also which of the following?
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
BRAND NEW!!
Are you going to get an A on this midterm exam?
a. Hellz yeaaah!
b. I'm happy with a B.
c. Millionaires are C students.
d. I do declare that D is delightfully dignified.
e. F is for fantastic! - CORRECT ANSWER: Hellz yeaaah!
Describe Boyle's Law? - CORRECT ANSWER: As volume increases, pressure decreases.
As volume decreases, pressure increases.
Describe Dalton's Law? - CORRECT ANSWER: The total pressure of a mixture of gasses = The
total partial pressures of the gasses individually.
Describe the air pathway starting from the external environment. - CORRECT ANSWER:
Nose/Mouth > pharynx > larynx > trachea > bronchus > bronchioles > alveoli
Describe the basic steps of blood clotting? - CORRECT ANSWER: Wound exposes collagen (or
rough tissues) -> exposed collagen binds and activates nearby platelets -> platelet factors
released -> factors attract more platelets -> platelets aggregate until wound closes and covers
exposed collagen (or rough tissues).
,Describe the general steps of protein synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. In the nucleus,
transcription process replicate RNA from DNA with polymerase, magnesium ion, and a high
energy source.
2. RNA polymerase causes DNA to unwind creating a single strand of mRNA.
3. Splicing begins when mRNA non coding (introns) and coding proteins (exons) are separated.
5. mRNA exits the nucleus and joins with ribosomes in the cytosol.
6. mRNA binds with ribosomes to initiate protein translation.
7. During translation, pairing of mRNA and tRNA puts newly arrived amino acids into the
correct orientation.
8. The amino acid becomes the base in which the protein is free to form different types proteins.
Describe the importance of the Na+ / K+ pump? - CORRECT ANSWER: The use of active
transport to move molecules across a concentration gradient using 3 sodium ions, 2 potassium
ions, and ATP. The result is that 3 sodium ions are released outside the cell and 2 potassium ions
are placed back in the cell.
Describe the journey of a red blood cell? - CORRECT ANSWER: Iron ingested -> absorbed by
small intestine -> transferrin in plasma transport iron to bone marrow -> bone marrow converts
iron to heme to hemoglobin -> red blood cell synthesis -> 120 days life -> spleen destroys RBC -
> hemoglobin converted to bilirubin -> bilirubin excreted as urine or feces and iron excess
recycled in liver as ferritin or transferrin.
Describe the steps of an action potential? - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Neuron at resting
membrane potential. @-70mv
2. Depolarization stimulus received.
3. Membrane depolarizes, Na+ channels opens, K+ channels delayed but begins to open. @-
50mv
4. Rapid Na+ entry depolarizes the cell.
5. Cell reaches its potential with Na+ forcing channels to close. @+30mv
6. K+ channels are now fully open, K+ exit the cell. @+30mv
7. Hyperpolarizing result from K+ exit. @-72 to -74mv
,8. K+ channels close.
9. Cell returns to resting membrane potential. @-70mv
Describe what happens during gas exchange 1? - CORRECT ANSWER: When the body inhales
the air from the atmosphere in to the lungs AKA ventilation.
Estrogen, androgen, and cortisol are examples of what hormone class? - CORRECT ANSWER:
Steroids
How do alpha cells increase blood sugar? - CORRECT ANSWER: Alpha cells release glucagon.
Glucagon directs liver to breakdown glycogen to glucose.
How do beta cells reduce blood sugar? - CORRECT ANSWER: Beta cells release insulin.
Insulin directs liver to convert glucose to glycogen.
How long is the typical life of a healthy red blood cell? - CORRECT ANSWER: 120 days or 4
months
How to calculate the alveolar ventilation rate?
a. TV-DV
b. IRV-TLC
c. DV-IRV
d. ERV-IRV
e. Dalton's Law * TV/DV - CORRECT ANSWER: a. TV-DV (Total Volume - Dead Space
Volume)
How to calculate total lung capacity?
a. IRV + TV + ERV + RV
b. IRV + TV + ERV
, c. IRV + TV + RV
d. TV + ERV + RV
e. IRV + TV + CRV + RV - CORRECT ANSWER: a. IRV + TV + ERV + RV
How to calculate total pulmonary ventilation?
a. Ventilation Rate x Spirometric Volume
b. Tidal Volume x Total Volume
c. Total Volume x Dalton's Law
d. Ventilation Rate x Tidal Volume
e. Ventialtion Rate x Resting Capacity - CORRECT ANSWER: d. Ventilation Rate x Tidal
Volume
How to calculate Vital Capacity?
a. IRV + TV + ERV
b. RV + VC + TV
c. TLC + HGTV + CNN
d. ERV + IRV
e. I know it, I just don't want to tell you. - CORRECT ANSWER: a. IRV + TV + ERV
If a blood cell is said to be in crenation, it is also which of the following?
a. Hypertonic
b. Hyperglaciated
c. Hyperactivated
d. Isotonic
e. Hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWER: a. Hypertonic
If a blood cell is said to be in hemolysis, it is also which of the following?
