QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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1. Policies passed by authoritative decision makers
Answer:
are interpreted and implemented by executive agencies and departments.
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2. Public bureaucracies are full of routines which are the product of
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political deals among a variety of political actors.
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3. Although it performs essential functions,
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bureaucracy is the subject of a great deal of mistrust and criticism from politicians and the American
public more generally.
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4. Bureaucracy
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refers to the actual offices, tasks, and principles of organization employed in the most formal and sustained
administration.
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5. Administration
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refers to the all the ways in which human beings rationally coordinate their efforts to achieve common
goals.
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6. Bureaucratic organization enhances efficiency
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by providing a hierarchical division of labor
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7. Bureaucrats fulfill important roles including
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- Implementing laws
- Making and enforcing rules
- Settling disputes (through administrative adjudication)
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8. Congress finds it valuable to
,Answer:
delegate
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9. Four types of operating parts of the bureaucratic whole
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- Cabinet departments
- Independent agencies
- Government corporations
- Independent regulatory commissions
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10. Department hierarchically order
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- Cabinet Secretary
- Top Administrators
- Undersecretaries
- Specialized Bureau level
- Divisions, offices, and units within bureau
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11. Clientele Agencies
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Serve and represent particular interests in society.
ex: Department of Agriculture and Department of Interior, Labor, and Commerce
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12. Agencies for the Maintenance of the Union
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Perform essential functions like securing governmental revenue and maintaining internal and external
security. Keeps the government going.
ex: Departments of Treasury, State, Justice, and Defense
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13. Regulatory Agencies
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Guide individual conduct by imposing disincentives designed to eliminate or restrict certain behaviors that
the government deems undesirable.
ex: Food and Drug Administration, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the Federal
Trade Commission
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14. Agencies of Redistribution
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Implement fiscal, monetary, and welfare policies and influence the amount of money in the economy as
well as who has money and credit.
ex: Federal Reserve System and the Social Security Administration
, Question:
15. Bureaucrats have their own
Answer:
goals and motivations
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16. Economist William Niskanen proposed that
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- Bureaucrats are "budget maximizers"
- Bureaucrats are motivated by salary, prestige, and belief in their agency's mission
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17. Bureaucratic agents are subject to
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- Before-the-fact control mechanisms including the appointment process and procedural controls.
- After-the-fact control mechanisms including the provision of incentives for success and the with-holding
of incentives for nonperformance of a particular task. **These mechanisms must be employed to restrict
the possibility of bureaucratic drift wherein the bureaucracy might produce policy more to its liking than to
the original intention of the authoritative policy makers.
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18. "Chief Executive"
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President- can direct bureaucratic agencies. Efforts to control the expanding executive branch helped
create the "managerial" presidency.
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19. How does Congress monitor bureaucratic behavior?
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Public Hearings
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20. Under some circumstances, Congress can
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Control the bureaucracy by re-writing legislation and altering appropriations to provide greater direction to
those who must implement its policies.
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21. "Fire-alarm" oversight
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Congress members wait for citizens or interest groups to bring complaints about Bureaucratic behaviors to
the legislature. **Congress is more apt to engage in this method
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22. "Police patrol" oversight
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Congressional committees would systematically monitor bureaucracies under their jurisdictions.