NR 566 Final Exam-
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What is the effect of H1 antagonists on allergic rhinitis? - Reduces
sneezing, nasal discharge, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and
throat.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H1 antagonists? - H1
antagonists work by blocking H1 histamine receptors.
What effect do H1 antagonists have on histamine in the body? -
They help to reduce the effects of histamine in the body.
How does blocking histamine action affect wakefulness? -
Blocking histamine action can lead to sedation and help induce
sleep.
What is a common side effect of H1 antagonists when used as a
sleep aid? - Daytime Drowsiness: Users may experience lingering
sedation the next day.
What are some anticholinergic effects of H1 antagonists? - Dry
mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
,What CNS effects can H1 antagonists cause, particularly in older
adults? - Dizziness, confusion, and incoordination.
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on urticaria? - Diminishes
redness, itching, and swelling.
Which first-generation H1 antagonists are effective for motion
sickness? - Promethazine and dimenhydrinate.
How do certain H1 antagonists help with motion sickness? - They
inhibit muscarinic receptors.
Why are first-generation H1 antagonists included in sleep aids? -
For short-term management of sleep disturbances.
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Doxylamine (Unisom) - Two
most common H1 antagonist sleep aids
What are H1 antagonists used to treat in allergic disorders? - Mild
allergic reactions, such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
What are the anticholinergic adverse effects of H1 antagonists? -
Dry mouth and urinary retention
What depressive effects can H1 antagonists cause? - Sedation
and impaired ability, more common in FGA due to crossing the
BBB
What behavioral adverse effects are associated with H1
antagonists? - Confusion and apathy
What stimulatory effects can H1 antagonists have? - Muscle
spasm and appetite stimulation
,What gastrointestinal adverse effects can occur with H1
antagonists? - Discomfort
What can happen at high doses of H1 antagonists? - CNS
seizures and hallucinations
In which populations are H1 antagonists contraindicated? -
Newborns, children under the age of 2, and women who are
breastfeeding.
What conditions contraindicate the use of H1 antagonists? -
Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and acute
exacerbation of asthma.
What are the anticholinergic effects that older adults are more
susceptible to? - Dizziness, confusion, and sedation.
Why should first-generation antihistamines be used cautiously in
older adults? - They can increase sedation and anticholinergic
effects, raising the risk of falls and accidents.
What criteria advises against the use of first-generation
antihistamines in older adults? - Beers Criteria.
What is a concern regarding polypharmacy in older adults? -
Increased risk of drug interactions and cumulative side effects.
What effect can first-generation antihistamines have on children?
- They can cause paradoxical excitation, leading to increased
agitation or insomnia.
What is advised for the use of antihistamines in infants? - Over-
the-counter cold remedies should generally be avoided in children
under four years old.
, What is the Pregnancy Risk Category for antihistamines? -
Category C, meaning they should only be used if benefits
outweigh risks.
Which type of antihistamines are often preferred during
pregnancy? - Second-generation antihistamines due to a better
safety profile.
What should be considered regarding antihistamines and
breastfeeding? - Caution is advised as they can pass into breast
milk; consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended.
How can age-related changes affect the use of antihistamines? -
They can alter pharmacokinetics, affecting metabolism and
excretion.
What should be considered regarding family support in
medication management? - The ability of the family to manage
medication regimens, especially in older adults and children.
What is a key difference in sedation between 1st and 2nd
generation H1 antagonists? - First-generation causes significant
sedation; second-generation is less sedating.
How do the mechanisms of 1st and 2nd generation H1
antagonists differ? - First-generation affects both H1 and
muscarinic receptors; second-generation primarily targets H1
receptors.
What are the primary use cases for 1st generation H1
antagonists? - Used for a broader range of conditions, including
insomnia and motion sickness.
Chamberlain with
Complete Questions and
Correct Detailed Answers
(Verified Answers) |Already
Graded A+ GUARANTEED PASS
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on allergic rhinitis? - Reduces
sneezing, nasal discharge, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and
throat.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H1 antagonists? - H1
antagonists work by blocking H1 histamine receptors.
What effect do H1 antagonists have on histamine in the body? -
They help to reduce the effects of histamine in the body.
How does blocking histamine action affect wakefulness? -
Blocking histamine action can lead to sedation and help induce
sleep.
What is a common side effect of H1 antagonists when used as a
sleep aid? - Daytime Drowsiness: Users may experience lingering
sedation the next day.
What are some anticholinergic effects of H1 antagonists? - Dry
mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
,What CNS effects can H1 antagonists cause, particularly in older
adults? - Dizziness, confusion, and incoordination.
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on urticaria? - Diminishes
redness, itching, and swelling.
Which first-generation H1 antagonists are effective for motion
sickness? - Promethazine and dimenhydrinate.
How do certain H1 antagonists help with motion sickness? - They
inhibit muscarinic receptors.
Why are first-generation H1 antagonists included in sleep aids? -
For short-term management of sleep disturbances.
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Doxylamine (Unisom) - Two
most common H1 antagonist sleep aids
What are H1 antagonists used to treat in allergic disorders? - Mild
allergic reactions, such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
What are the anticholinergic adverse effects of H1 antagonists? -
Dry mouth and urinary retention
What depressive effects can H1 antagonists cause? - Sedation
and impaired ability, more common in FGA due to crossing the
BBB
What behavioral adverse effects are associated with H1
antagonists? - Confusion and apathy
What stimulatory effects can H1 antagonists have? - Muscle
spasm and appetite stimulation
,What gastrointestinal adverse effects can occur with H1
antagonists? - Discomfort
What can happen at high doses of H1 antagonists? - CNS
seizures and hallucinations
In which populations are H1 antagonists contraindicated? -
Newborns, children under the age of 2, and women who are
breastfeeding.
What conditions contraindicate the use of H1 antagonists? -
Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and acute
exacerbation of asthma.
What are the anticholinergic effects that older adults are more
susceptible to? - Dizziness, confusion, and sedation.
Why should first-generation antihistamines be used cautiously in
older adults? - They can increase sedation and anticholinergic
effects, raising the risk of falls and accidents.
What criteria advises against the use of first-generation
antihistamines in older adults? - Beers Criteria.
What is a concern regarding polypharmacy in older adults? -
Increased risk of drug interactions and cumulative side effects.
What effect can first-generation antihistamines have on children?
- They can cause paradoxical excitation, leading to increased
agitation or insomnia.
What is advised for the use of antihistamines in infants? - Over-
the-counter cold remedies should generally be avoided in children
under four years old.
, What is the Pregnancy Risk Category for antihistamines? -
Category C, meaning they should only be used if benefits
outweigh risks.
Which type of antihistamines are often preferred during
pregnancy? - Second-generation antihistamines due to a better
safety profile.
What should be considered regarding antihistamines and
breastfeeding? - Caution is advised as they can pass into breast
milk; consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended.
How can age-related changes affect the use of antihistamines? -
They can alter pharmacokinetics, affecting metabolism and
excretion.
What should be considered regarding family support in
medication management? - The ability of the family to manage
medication regimens, especially in older adults and children.
What is a key difference in sedation between 1st and 2nd
generation H1 antagonists? - First-generation causes significant
sedation; second-generation is less sedating.
How do the mechanisms of 1st and 2nd generation H1
antagonists differ? - First-generation affects both H1 and
muscarinic receptors; second-generation primarily targets H1
receptors.
What are the primary use cases for 1st generation H1
antagonists? - Used for a broader range of conditions, including
insomnia and motion sickness.
