Research Methods Final Exam Q&A!!!!! Q&A 2026/27.
What are the unscientific Methods? Tenacity, intuition, authority, rational, empirical
research question, independent and dependent
Describe Problem ID
variables
Gather - Internal and External Validity
Internal - how true are the results, control of
external influence
External - inference to outside world
Desribe how to gather, analyze and interpret data.
Analyze and Interpret - stats (descriptive,
correlation, inferentail), support or reject
hypothesis, compare to literature, intergration into
theory
what are the 5 characteristics of the scientific
systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, replicable
method?
determination, reductionism, empirical observation
Describe Postpositivism
and measurement, theory verification
9/14/2026
,Research Methods Final Exam Q&A!!!!! Q&A 2026/27.
Understanding, multiple participant meanings,
Describe Constructivism social and historical construction, theory
generation, inductive and/or deductive
political, empowerment issue-oriented,
Describe advocacy/participatory
collaborative, change oriented
consequences of actions, problem-centered,
Describe pragmatism
pluralistic, real-world practice oriented
What is Critical Theory? empowering humans to overcome constraints
quantitative - experimental and non-experimental
qualitative - narratives, phenomenologies,
List strategies of inquiry of quantitative, qualitative,
ethnographies, grounded theory, case studies
and mixed methods research.
Mixed Methods - Sequential Concurrent,
Transformative
Basic - discover new knowledge and development
Basic vs. Applied Research of theory
Applied - solution to immediate practical problem
9/14/2026
, Research Methods Final Exam Q&A!!!!! Q&A 2026/27.
do not put participants at risk, gain access to sites,
Ethical Issues to anticipate in Data Collection address issues of confidentiality, respect vulnerable
(name 5) populations, obtain informed consent from
participants, obtain IRB approvals
only one important author, data collectors are not
Ethics of Authorship
authors, major professor is a co-author,
journals retain copyright, books give copyright to
Copyright Ethics the author, copyright is assumed granted in
educational settings
freeze/reduce/lose job, loss of institution money
Examples of internally imposed Sanctions
and privieges, faculty are responsible for students
revocation of prior publications, release of
Examples of Externally imposed sanctions information to agencies, professions, referral to
legal system for further actions
protection of subject, explanations of procedures,
Necessities of Informed Consent
risks and benefits, free to withdraw at any time
9/14/2026
What are the unscientific Methods? Tenacity, intuition, authority, rational, empirical
research question, independent and dependent
Describe Problem ID
variables
Gather - Internal and External Validity
Internal - how true are the results, control of
external influence
External - inference to outside world
Desribe how to gather, analyze and interpret data.
Analyze and Interpret - stats (descriptive,
correlation, inferentail), support or reject
hypothesis, compare to literature, intergration into
theory
what are the 5 characteristics of the scientific
systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, replicable
method?
determination, reductionism, empirical observation
Describe Postpositivism
and measurement, theory verification
9/14/2026
,Research Methods Final Exam Q&A!!!!! Q&A 2026/27.
Understanding, multiple participant meanings,
Describe Constructivism social and historical construction, theory
generation, inductive and/or deductive
political, empowerment issue-oriented,
Describe advocacy/participatory
collaborative, change oriented
consequences of actions, problem-centered,
Describe pragmatism
pluralistic, real-world practice oriented
What is Critical Theory? empowering humans to overcome constraints
quantitative - experimental and non-experimental
qualitative - narratives, phenomenologies,
List strategies of inquiry of quantitative, qualitative,
ethnographies, grounded theory, case studies
and mixed methods research.
Mixed Methods - Sequential Concurrent,
Transformative
Basic - discover new knowledge and development
Basic vs. Applied Research of theory
Applied - solution to immediate practical problem
9/14/2026
, Research Methods Final Exam Q&A!!!!! Q&A 2026/27.
do not put participants at risk, gain access to sites,
Ethical Issues to anticipate in Data Collection address issues of confidentiality, respect vulnerable
(name 5) populations, obtain informed consent from
participants, obtain IRB approvals
only one important author, data collectors are not
Ethics of Authorship
authors, major professor is a co-author,
journals retain copyright, books give copyright to
Copyright Ethics the author, copyright is assumed granted in
educational settings
freeze/reduce/lose job, loss of institution money
Examples of internally imposed Sanctions
and privieges, faculty are responsible for students
revocation of prior publications, release of
Examples of Externally imposed sanctions information to agencies, professions, referral to
legal system for further actions
protection of subject, explanations of procedures,
Necessities of Informed Consent
risks and benefits, free to withdraw at any time
9/14/2026
