NUR 239 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | NUR 239
STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
inflammation - correct answer ✔✔physiologic reaction of vascularized tissue to injury
resolution - correct answer ✔✔tissue returns to normal structure & function
progression to chronic inflammation - correct answer ✔✔follows acute inflammation if offending agent
is not removed
scarring/fibrosis - correct answer ✔✔substantial tissue injury cannot be regenerated
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation** - correct answer ✔✔redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
vascular stage of acute inflammation** - correct answer ✔✔compromised increase of arterioles;
involves microcirculation
begins with vasodilation on arterioles, capillary beds, increased permeability of microcirculation
3 patterns for vascular changes - correct answer ✔✔immediate transient response (after minor injury,
short duration), immediate sustained response (after serious injury, lasts several days), delayed
hemodynamic response (venues & capillaries)
serous exudate - correct answer ✔✔watery, plasma fluid, low in protein
hemorrhagic exudate - correct answer ✔✔serious injury, RBC's
fibrinous exudate - correct answer ✔✔fibrinogen, think & sticky
Membranous/pseudomembranous exudate - correct answer ✔✔on mucous membranes, narcotic cells,
fibrin & purulent exudate
Purulent/suppurative exudate - correct answer ✔✔pus, degraded WBC's, proteins, debris
abscess - correct answer ✔✔localized area of inflammation that contain purulent exudate, neutrophil
layer, fibroblasts off wall area, antibiotic cannot penetrate, surgically removed
ulceration - correct answer ✔✔inflammation in the epithelial layer; skin/GI tissue, can be
necrotic/erroded
chronic inflammation - correct answer ✔✔self-perpetuation, lasts for weeks/months/years, develops
from acute inflammation or insidious low-grade asymptomatic inflammatory process
main WBC's: macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes
clinical manifestations of systemic inflammation - correct answer ✔✔fever, increased neutrophils,
anorexia, somnolence, malaise, metabolic changes, may lead to sepsis or SIRS
STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
inflammation - correct answer ✔✔physiologic reaction of vascularized tissue to injury
resolution - correct answer ✔✔tissue returns to normal structure & function
progression to chronic inflammation - correct answer ✔✔follows acute inflammation if offending agent
is not removed
scarring/fibrosis - correct answer ✔✔substantial tissue injury cannot be regenerated
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation** - correct answer ✔✔redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
vascular stage of acute inflammation** - correct answer ✔✔compromised increase of arterioles;
involves microcirculation
begins with vasodilation on arterioles, capillary beds, increased permeability of microcirculation
3 patterns for vascular changes - correct answer ✔✔immediate transient response (after minor injury,
short duration), immediate sustained response (after serious injury, lasts several days), delayed
hemodynamic response (venues & capillaries)
serous exudate - correct answer ✔✔watery, plasma fluid, low in protein
hemorrhagic exudate - correct answer ✔✔serious injury, RBC's
fibrinous exudate - correct answer ✔✔fibrinogen, think & sticky
Membranous/pseudomembranous exudate - correct answer ✔✔on mucous membranes, narcotic cells,
fibrin & purulent exudate
Purulent/suppurative exudate - correct answer ✔✔pus, degraded WBC's, proteins, debris
abscess - correct answer ✔✔localized area of inflammation that contain purulent exudate, neutrophil
layer, fibroblasts off wall area, antibiotic cannot penetrate, surgically removed
ulceration - correct answer ✔✔inflammation in the epithelial layer; skin/GI tissue, can be
necrotic/erroded
chronic inflammation - correct answer ✔✔self-perpetuation, lasts for weeks/months/years, develops
from acute inflammation or insidious low-grade asymptomatic inflammatory process
main WBC's: macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes
clinical manifestations of systemic inflammation - correct answer ✔✔fever, increased neutrophils,
anorexia, somnolence, malaise, metabolic changes, may lead to sepsis or SIRS
