,Table ofContents
v6 v6
Chapter 01 Properties and Overview of Immune Responses
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 1
Chapter 02 Cells and Tissues of the Immune System
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 3
Chapter 03 Leukocyte Circulation and Migration Into Tissues
v6 v 6 v6 v 6 v6 v6 v 6 6
Chapter 04 Innate Immunity
v6 v 6 v 6 10
Chapter 05 Antibodies and Antigens
v6 v6 v6 v 6 17
Chapter 06 Antigen Presentation to T Lymphocytes and the Functions of Major
v6 v6 v6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v 6
Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
v6 v 6 20
Chapter 07 Immune Receptors and Signal Transduction
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 27
Chapter 08 Lymphocyte Development and Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement
v6 v6 v6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 30
Chapter 09 Activation of T Lymphocytes
v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 34
Chapter 10 Differentiation and Functions of CD4+ Effector T Cells
v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 38
Chapter 11 Differentiation and Functions of CD8+ Effector T Cells
v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 42
Chapter 12 B Cell Activation and Antibody Production
v6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6 46
Chapter 13 Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6 52
Chapter 14 Specialized Immunity at Epithelial Barriers and in Immune Privileged Tissues
v6 v6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6 v6 v 6 56
Chapter 15 Immunologic Tolerance and Autoimmunity
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 62
Chapter 16 Immunity to Microbes
v6 v 6 v6 v 6 67
Chapter 17 Transplantation Immunology
v6 v 6 v 6 72
Chapter 18 Tumor Immunology
v6 v 6 v 6 77
Chapter 19 Hypersensitivity Disorders
v6 v 6 v6 81
Chapter 20 Allergy
v6 v 6 86
Chapter 21 Primary and Acquired Immunodeficiencies
v6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 89
,Chapter 01: Properties and Overview of Immune Responses
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 11th Edition
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
MULTIPLE CHOICE v6
1. The principal function of the immune system is:
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
a. Defense against cancer v6 v6
b. Repair of injured tissues v6 v6 v6
c. Defense against microbial infections v6 v6 v6
d. Prevention of inflammatory diseases v6 v6 v6
e. Protection against environmental toxins v6 v6 v6
ANS: C
The immune system has evolved in the setting of selective pressures imposed by micro
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
bi al infections. Although immune responses to cancer may occur, the concept that “im
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 hx
mun o v6
surveillance” against cancer is a principal function of the immune system is controversi
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v
6 al. Repair of injured tissues may be a secondary consequence of the immune responses
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
a
nd i v6
nflammation. Although the immune system has regulatory features that are needed to pre
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
v ent excessive inflammation, prevention of inflammatory diseases is not a primary fu nct
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ion. The immune system can protect against microbial toxins, but it generally does not o
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ffer pr otection against toxins of nonbiologic origin.
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
2. Which of the following infectious diseases was prevented by the first succes
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
sf ul vaccination?
v6 v6
a. Polio
b. Tuberculosis
c. Smallpox
d. Tetanus
e. Rubella
ANS: C
In 1798, Edward Jenner reported the first intentional successful vaccination, which was a
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6
g ainst smallpox in a boy, using material from the cowpox pustules of a milkmaid. In
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6
v61980
, smallpox was reported to be eradicated worldwide by a vaccination program. Effective
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6
va ccines against tetanus toxin, rubella virus, and poliovirus were developed in the 20th c
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v
6 ent ury and are widely used. There is no effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberc
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ulosis.
3. Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune system?
v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
a. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for antigens
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
b. Self-nonself discrimination v6
c. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated and soluble receptors
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
d. Protection against viral infections v6 v6 v6
e. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on repeated exposure t
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
o t he same microbev6 v6 v6 v6
ANS: A
, Highly diverse repertoires of specificities for antigens are found only in T and B lympho
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
cy tes, which are the central cellular components of the adaptive immune syste
v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6
m. Both th e innate and the adaptive immune systems use cell-
v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
associated and soluble receptors to recognize microbes, display some degree of s
v6 v6 v6 v 6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6 v6
elf-
nonself discrimination, and protect against viruses. On repeated exposure to the same m
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
i c robe, the adaptive immune response becomes more rapid and of greater magnitude; t
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
his
i
s the manifestation of memory.
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
4. Antibodies and T lymphocytes are the respective mediators of which two typ
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
es of immunity?
v6 v6
a. Innate and adaptive v6 v6
b. Passive and active v6 v6
c. Specific and nonspecific v6 v6
d. Humoral and cell-mediated v6 v6
e. Adult and neonatal v6 v6
ANS: D
Both B and T lymphocytes are principal components of adaptive immunity. B lym
v 6 v6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 v6
phocy te s produce antibodies, which are the recognition and effector molecules of humor
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
al im mun e responses to extracellular pathogens. T cells recognize and promote eradicati
v6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
on of int rac ellular pathogens in cell-
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
mediated immunity. Passive and active immunity both can be mediated by either B or T
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ly mphocytes. Specific immunity is another term for adaptive immunity. Both B and T ly
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
mp h ocytes participate in adult adaptive immunity but are still developing in the neona
v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
tal peri o d.
v6 v 6 v6
5. The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are:
v6 v6 v6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
a. Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
b. Natural killer cells and cytoWtoWxW
ic.TTlB
yS
mM
ph.oW
cyStes
v6 v6 v6 v6
c. Memory T cells and effector T cells v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
d. Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells v6 v6 v6 v6
e. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ANS: A
T cells can be classified into effector subsets that perform different effector functions. M
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
o s t effector T cells are either helper T lymphocytes, which enhance the responses of ot
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
her im mune cells, including phagocytes and B cells, to infections, or cytotoxic T lymph
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ocyt
es, v6
which directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells are not T lymphocy
v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6
tes.
Antigen-presenting cells usually are not T cells. Memory T cells are not effector T cells. hx v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 hxv6 v6 v6
6. Which of the following cell types is required for all adaptive humoral immune responses?
hx v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
a. Natural killer cells v6 v6
b. Dendritic cells v6
c. Cytolytic T lymphocytes v6 v6
d. B lymphocytes v6
e. Helper T lymphocytes v6 v6
ANS: D
v6 v6
Chapter 01 Properties and Overview of Immune Responses
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 1
Chapter 02 Cells and Tissues of the Immune System
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 3
Chapter 03 Leukocyte Circulation and Migration Into Tissues
v6 v 6 v6 v 6 v6 v6 v 6 6
Chapter 04 Innate Immunity
v6 v 6 v 6 10
Chapter 05 Antibodies and Antigens
v6 v6 v6 v 6 17
Chapter 06 Antigen Presentation to T Lymphocytes and the Functions of Major
v6 v6 v6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v 6
Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
v6 v 6 20
Chapter 07 Immune Receptors and Signal Transduction
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 27
Chapter 08 Lymphocyte Development and Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement
v6 v6 v6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 30
Chapter 09 Activation of T Lymphocytes
v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 34
Chapter 10 Differentiation and Functions of CD4+ Effector T Cells
v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 38
Chapter 11 Differentiation and Functions of CD8+ Effector T Cells
v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 42
Chapter 12 B Cell Activation and Antibody Production
v6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6 46
Chapter 13 Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6 52
Chapter 14 Specialized Immunity at Epithelial Barriers and in Immune Privileged Tissues
v6 v6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6 v6 v 6 56
Chapter 15 Immunologic Tolerance and Autoimmunity
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 62
Chapter 16 Immunity to Microbes
v6 v 6 v6 v 6 67
Chapter 17 Transplantation Immunology
v6 v 6 v 6 72
Chapter 18 Tumor Immunology
v6 v 6 v 6 77
Chapter 19 Hypersensitivity Disorders
v6 v 6 v6 81
Chapter 20 Allergy
v6 v 6 86
Chapter 21 Primary and Acquired Immunodeficiencies
v6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 89
,Chapter 01: Properties and Overview of Immune Responses
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 11th Edition
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
MULTIPLE CHOICE v6
1. The principal function of the immune system is:
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
a. Defense against cancer v6 v6
b. Repair of injured tissues v6 v6 v6
c. Defense against microbial infections v6 v6 v6
d. Prevention of inflammatory diseases v6 v6 v6
e. Protection against environmental toxins v6 v6 v6
ANS: C
The immune system has evolved in the setting of selective pressures imposed by micro
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
bi al infections. Although immune responses to cancer may occur, the concept that “im
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 hx
mun o v6
surveillance” against cancer is a principal function of the immune system is controversi
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v
6 al. Repair of injured tissues may be a secondary consequence of the immune responses
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
a
nd i v6
nflammation. Although the immune system has regulatory features that are needed to pre
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
v ent excessive inflammation, prevention of inflammatory diseases is not a primary fu nct
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ion. The immune system can protect against microbial toxins, but it generally does not o
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ffer pr otection against toxins of nonbiologic origin.
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
2. Which of the following infectious diseases was prevented by the first succes
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
sf ul vaccination?
v6 v6
a. Polio
b. Tuberculosis
c. Smallpox
d. Tetanus
e. Rubella
ANS: C
In 1798, Edward Jenner reported the first intentional successful vaccination, which was a
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6
g ainst smallpox in a boy, using material from the cowpox pustules of a milkmaid. In
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6
v61980
, smallpox was reported to be eradicated worldwide by a vaccination program. Effective
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6
va ccines against tetanus toxin, rubella virus, and poliovirus were developed in the 20th c
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v
6 ent ury and are widely used. There is no effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberc
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ulosis.
3. Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune system?
v6 v6 v6 v6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
a. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for antigens
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
b. Self-nonself discrimination v6
c. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated and soluble receptors
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
d. Protection against viral infections v6 v6 v6
e. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on repeated exposure t
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
o t he same microbev6 v6 v6 v6
ANS: A
, Highly diverse repertoires of specificities for antigens are found only in T and B lympho
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
cy tes, which are the central cellular components of the adaptive immune syste
v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6
m. Both th e innate and the adaptive immune systems use cell-
v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
associated and soluble receptors to recognize microbes, display some degree of s
v6 v6 v6 v 6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6 v6
elf-
nonself discrimination, and protect against viruses. On repeated exposure to the same m
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
i c robe, the adaptive immune response becomes more rapid and of greater magnitude; t
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
his
i
s the manifestation of memory.
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
4. Antibodies and T lymphocytes are the respective mediators of which two typ
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
es of immunity?
v6 v6
a. Innate and adaptive v6 v6
b. Passive and active v6 v6
c. Specific and nonspecific v6 v6
d. Humoral and cell-mediated v6 v6
e. Adult and neonatal v6 v6
ANS: D
Both B and T lymphocytes are principal components of adaptive immunity. B lym
v 6 v6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v6 v 6 v 6 v6
phocy te s produce antibodies, which are the recognition and effector molecules of humor
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
al im mun e responses to extracellular pathogens. T cells recognize and promote eradicati
v6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
on of int rac ellular pathogens in cell-
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
mediated immunity. Passive and active immunity both can be mediated by either B or T
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ly mphocytes. Specific immunity is another term for adaptive immunity. Both B and T ly
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
mp h ocytes participate in adult adaptive immunity but are still developing in the neona
v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
tal peri o d.
v6 v 6 v6
5. The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are:
v6 v6 v6 v 6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
a. Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
b. Natural killer cells and cytoWtoWxW
ic.TTlB
yS
mM
ph.oW
cyStes
v6 v6 v6 v6
c. Memory T cells and effector T cells v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
d. Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells v6 v6 v6 v6
e. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ANS: A
T cells can be classified into effector subsets that perform different effector functions. M
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
o s t effector T cells are either helper T lymphocytes, which enhance the responses of ot
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
her im mune cells, including phagocytes and B cells, to infections, or cytotoxic T lymph
v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
ocyt
es, v6
which directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells are not T lymphocy
v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6 v 6
tes.
Antigen-presenting cells usually are not T cells. Memory T cells are not effector T cells. hx v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 hxv6 v6 v6
6. Which of the following cell types is required for all adaptive humoral immune responses?
hx v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6 v6
a. Natural killer cells v6 v6
b. Dendritic cells v6
c. Cytolytic T lymphocytes v6 v6
d. B lymphocytes v6
e. Helper T lymphocytes v6 v6
ANS: D
