TIMBER YIELDING PLANTS
Index
Introduction Literature Review Methodology
Analysis Conclusion Reference
Page | 1
,Introduction
Wood is used in interiors as a surface material for walls, ceilings and floors,
furniture, stairs, windows, and doors, in features and decorations, etc. The use of
wood extends from small private facilities to large public social and official
premises.
Very often, wood is used because of the way it looks. The different colors and
structures of types of wood and the different interior products made of wood
such as panels, veneers, plywood, and glued laminated boards enable the use of
wood in countless different ways. In addition to whitewood, redwood and birch,
other types of wood are also used in interiors. The most common are oak, alder,
aspen, maple, and ash.
The use of wood is also attractive because of its ease of use. Wood products are
handy in terms of their size and light to transport, simple to put up and no special
expertise or tools are needed to work with them. Ready surface-treated products
and complete interior systems make the use of wood easier than ever. If desired,
wood can be carved, milled, or lathed into very intricate interior elements.
Lumber, also known as timber, is wood that has been processed into beams and
planks, a stage in the process of wood production. Lumber is mainly used for
structural purposes but has many other uses as well. Lumber may be supplied
either rough-sawn or surfaced on one or more of its faces.
Some technical terms
Bark - Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants
with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs. Bark refers to all the tissues
outside the vascular cambium and is a nontechnical term. It overlays the wood
and consists of the inner bark and the outer bark.
Sapwood - Sapwood, also called alburnum, outer, living layers of the secondary
wood of trees, which engage in transport of water and minerals to the crown of
the tree. The cells therefore contain more water and lack the deposits of darkly
staining chemical substances commonly found in heartwood.
Page | 2
,Cambium layer- A cambium (plural cambia or cambiums), in plants, is a tissue
layer that provides partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth. It is found in
the area between xylem and phloem. It forms parallel rows of cells, which result
in secondary tissues.
Heartwood- Heartwood, also called duramen, dead, central wood of trees. Its
cells usually contain tannins or other substances that make it dark in colour and
sometimes aromatic. Heartwood is mechanically strong, resistant to decay, and
less easily penetrated by wood-preservative chemicals than other types of wood.
Annual ring (growth ring)- Concentric circles visible in cross-sections of woody
stems or trunks. Each year the cambium layer produces a layer of xylem, the
vessels of which are large and thin walled in the spring and smaller and thick-
walled in the summer, creating a contrast between the rings.
Hardwood Softwood
Mainly broad-leafed Mainly conifer- Needle like leaves
Growth stress – Compression on inside Growth stress – Tension on inside
Most hardwood have thicker cell walls Most softwood have thinner cell walls
Darker in colour, higher density, Light in colour, lower density,
higher hardness lower hardness
Closed cell structure makes heartwood Open cell structure makes heartwood
more difficult to treat more receptive to treat
Vessels (walls made up of number of All cells transport nutrient within the
cells) transport medium tree
Table 1 Difference between hardwood and softwood
Variety of timber available in
India
Common Binomial Color Density Location Characteristics, usage and
name nomenclature status
Page | 3
, Oak Quercus spp. 865 kg/m3 the Oak is strong and durable,
Yellowish Himalayan region
with straight silvery grain. It is used for pr
brown It takes a good polish and is easily worked
MahoganySwietenia spp.Reddish 720 kg/m3Kerala,
brown Tamil
Page | 4
Index
Introduction Literature Review Methodology
Analysis Conclusion Reference
Page | 1
,Introduction
Wood is used in interiors as a surface material for walls, ceilings and floors,
furniture, stairs, windows, and doors, in features and decorations, etc. The use of
wood extends from small private facilities to large public social and official
premises.
Very often, wood is used because of the way it looks. The different colors and
structures of types of wood and the different interior products made of wood
such as panels, veneers, plywood, and glued laminated boards enable the use of
wood in countless different ways. In addition to whitewood, redwood and birch,
other types of wood are also used in interiors. The most common are oak, alder,
aspen, maple, and ash.
The use of wood is also attractive because of its ease of use. Wood products are
handy in terms of their size and light to transport, simple to put up and no special
expertise or tools are needed to work with them. Ready surface-treated products
and complete interior systems make the use of wood easier than ever. If desired,
wood can be carved, milled, or lathed into very intricate interior elements.
Lumber, also known as timber, is wood that has been processed into beams and
planks, a stage in the process of wood production. Lumber is mainly used for
structural purposes but has many other uses as well. Lumber may be supplied
either rough-sawn or surfaced on one or more of its faces.
Some technical terms
Bark - Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants
with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs. Bark refers to all the tissues
outside the vascular cambium and is a nontechnical term. It overlays the wood
and consists of the inner bark and the outer bark.
Sapwood - Sapwood, also called alburnum, outer, living layers of the secondary
wood of trees, which engage in transport of water and minerals to the crown of
the tree. The cells therefore contain more water and lack the deposits of darkly
staining chemical substances commonly found in heartwood.
Page | 2
,Cambium layer- A cambium (plural cambia or cambiums), in plants, is a tissue
layer that provides partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth. It is found in
the area between xylem and phloem. It forms parallel rows of cells, which result
in secondary tissues.
Heartwood- Heartwood, also called duramen, dead, central wood of trees. Its
cells usually contain tannins or other substances that make it dark in colour and
sometimes aromatic. Heartwood is mechanically strong, resistant to decay, and
less easily penetrated by wood-preservative chemicals than other types of wood.
Annual ring (growth ring)- Concentric circles visible in cross-sections of woody
stems or trunks. Each year the cambium layer produces a layer of xylem, the
vessels of which are large and thin walled in the spring and smaller and thick-
walled in the summer, creating a contrast between the rings.
Hardwood Softwood
Mainly broad-leafed Mainly conifer- Needle like leaves
Growth stress – Compression on inside Growth stress – Tension on inside
Most hardwood have thicker cell walls Most softwood have thinner cell walls
Darker in colour, higher density, Light in colour, lower density,
higher hardness lower hardness
Closed cell structure makes heartwood Open cell structure makes heartwood
more difficult to treat more receptive to treat
Vessels (walls made up of number of All cells transport nutrient within the
cells) transport medium tree
Table 1 Difference between hardwood and softwood
Variety of timber available in
India
Common Binomial Color Density Location Characteristics, usage and
name nomenclature status
Page | 3
, Oak Quercus spp. 865 kg/m3 the Oak is strong and durable,
Yellowish Himalayan region
with straight silvery grain. It is used for pr
brown It takes a good polish and is easily worked
MahoganySwietenia spp.Reddish 720 kg/m3Kerala,
brown Tamil
Page | 4
