EXAM 3 | VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | LATEST 2026/2027 EDITION
NUR 2063
ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 3 - RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY
VERIFIED Q&A EXAM 3 A+ GRADED 2026/2027 LATEST
, EXAM COVERAGE AREAS
Exam 3: Endocrine & Diabetes Patho
• Endocrine pancreas diabetes Type1 Type2 DKA HHS
• Thyroid hypo hyper
• Adrenal Cushing Addison
Exam 3: Renal & GI Patho
• Renal AKI CKD glomerulonephritis
• GI cirrhosis pancreatitis bowel obstruction
• Fluid electrolyte acid-base
Exam 3: Neuro & Musculoskeletal Patho
• Neuro stroke seizures MS Parkinson
• Musculoskeletal fractures osteoporosis
• Pain
NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Rasmussen 2026/2027 Page 2
, QUESTION 1: DKA vs HHS pathophysiology difference?
A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250 ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18
ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
B) Same
C) Only DKA
D) Only HHS
CORRECT ANSWER: A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250
ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18 ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance
hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
RATIONALE: Diabetes complications: DKA absolute insulin deficiency lipolysis ketones acidosis Kussmaul
dehydration. HHS relative deficiency extreme hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration hyperosmolar.
Treatment fluids insulin electrolytes. Patho polyuria polydipsia polyphagia.
QUESTION 2: AKI types and CKD pathophysiology?
A) AKI prerenal hypoperfusion BUN/Cr >20, intrarenal ATN nephrotoxic, postrenal obstruction, CKD
progressive GFR <60 3mo stages
B) No types
C) Only prerenal
D) Only CKD
CORRECT ANSWER: A) AKI prerenal hypoperfusion BUN/Cr >20, intrarenal ATN
nephrotoxic, postrenal obstruction, CKD progressive GFR <60 3mo stages
RATIONALE: Renal: AKI prerenal decreased perfusion hypotension BUN/Cr >20:1 intrarenal parenchymal
ATN toxins intrarenal BUN/Cr <20 postrenal obstruction stone BPH. CKD progressive irreversible nephron
loss GFR <60 3 months stages 1-5 azotemia uremia anemia HTN. Dialysis.
QUESTION 3: Stroke ischemic vs hemorrhagic pathophysiology?
A) Ischemic thrombotic embolic occlusion 87% FAST weakness aphasia treatment tPA <4.5h,
hemorrhagic rupture bleeding severe headache HTN increased ICP
B) Same
C) Only ischemic
D) Only hemorrhagic
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Ischemic thrombotic embolic occlusion 87% FAST weakness
aphasia treatment tPA <4.5h, hemorrhagic rupture bleeding severe headache HTN
increased ICP
RATIONALE: Neuro: Ischemic stroke thrombotic atherosclerosis embolic afib occlusion ischemia infarct
FAST face arm speech time tPA within 4.5h. Hemorrhagic subarachnoid intracerebral rupture HTN
aneurysm severe headache increased ICP. Patho BBB disruption edema. MS autoimmune demyelination
Parkinson dopamine deficiency nigrostriatal.
QUESTION 4: DKA vs HHS pathophysiology difference?
A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250 ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18
ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
B) Same
C) Only DKA
NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Rasmussen 2026/2027 Page 3
, D) Only HHS
CORRECT ANSWER: A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250
ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18 ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance
hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
RATIONALE: Diabetes complications: DKA absolute insulin deficiency lipolysis ketones acidosis Kussmaul
dehydration. HHS relative deficiency extreme hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration hyperosmolar.
Treatment fluids insulin electrolytes. Patho polyuria polydipsia polyphagia.
QUESTION 5: AKI types and CKD pathophysiology?
A) AKI prerenal hypoperfusion BUN/Cr >20, intrarenal ATN nephrotoxic, postrenal obstruction, CKD
progressive GFR <60 3mo stages
B) No types
C) Only prerenal
D) Only CKD
CORRECT ANSWER: A) AKI prerenal hypoperfusion BUN/Cr >20, intrarenal ATN
nephrotoxic, postrenal obstruction, CKD progressive GFR <60 3mo stages
RATIONALE: Renal: AKI prerenal decreased perfusion hypotension BUN/Cr >20:1 intrarenal parenchymal
ATN toxins intrarenal BUN/Cr <20 postrenal obstruction stone BPH. CKD progressive irreversible nephron
loss GFR <60 3 months stages 1-5 azotemia uremia anemia HTN. Dialysis.
QUESTION 6: Stroke ischemic vs hemorrhagic pathophysiology?
A) Ischemic thrombotic embolic occlusion 87% FAST weakness aphasia treatment tPA <4.5h,
hemorrhagic rupture bleeding severe headache HTN increased ICP
B) Same
C) Only ischemic
D) Only hemorrhagic
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Ischemic thrombotic embolic occlusion 87% FAST weakness
aphasia treatment tPA <4.5h, hemorrhagic rupture bleeding severe headache HTN
increased ICP
RATIONALE: Neuro: Ischemic stroke thrombotic atherosclerosis embolic afib occlusion ischemia infarct
FAST face arm speech time tPA within 4.5h. Hemorrhagic subarachnoid intracerebral rupture HTN
aneurysm severe headache increased ICP. Patho BBB disruption edema. MS autoimmune demyelination
Parkinson dopamine deficiency nigrostriatal.
QUESTION 7: DKA vs HHS pathophysiology difference?
A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250 ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18
ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
B) Same
C) Only DKA
D) Only HHS
CORRECT ANSWER: A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250
ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18 ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance
hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Rasmussen 2026/2027 Page 4
NUR 2063
ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 3 - RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY
VERIFIED Q&A EXAM 3 A+ GRADED 2026/2027 LATEST
, EXAM COVERAGE AREAS
Exam 3: Endocrine & Diabetes Patho
• Endocrine pancreas diabetes Type1 Type2 DKA HHS
• Thyroid hypo hyper
• Adrenal Cushing Addison
Exam 3: Renal & GI Patho
• Renal AKI CKD glomerulonephritis
• GI cirrhosis pancreatitis bowel obstruction
• Fluid electrolyte acid-base
Exam 3: Neuro & Musculoskeletal Patho
• Neuro stroke seizures MS Parkinson
• Musculoskeletal fractures osteoporosis
• Pain
NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Rasmussen 2026/2027 Page 2
, QUESTION 1: DKA vs HHS pathophysiology difference?
A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250 ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18
ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
B) Same
C) Only DKA
D) Only HHS
CORRECT ANSWER: A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250
ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18 ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance
hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
RATIONALE: Diabetes complications: DKA absolute insulin deficiency lipolysis ketones acidosis Kussmaul
dehydration. HHS relative deficiency extreme hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration hyperosmolar.
Treatment fluids insulin electrolytes. Patho polyuria polydipsia polyphagia.
QUESTION 2: AKI types and CKD pathophysiology?
A) AKI prerenal hypoperfusion BUN/Cr >20, intrarenal ATN nephrotoxic, postrenal obstruction, CKD
progressive GFR <60 3mo stages
B) No types
C) Only prerenal
D) Only CKD
CORRECT ANSWER: A) AKI prerenal hypoperfusion BUN/Cr >20, intrarenal ATN
nephrotoxic, postrenal obstruction, CKD progressive GFR <60 3mo stages
RATIONALE: Renal: AKI prerenal decreased perfusion hypotension BUN/Cr >20:1 intrarenal parenchymal
ATN toxins intrarenal BUN/Cr <20 postrenal obstruction stone BPH. CKD progressive irreversible nephron
loss GFR <60 3 months stages 1-5 azotemia uremia anemia HTN. Dialysis.
QUESTION 3: Stroke ischemic vs hemorrhagic pathophysiology?
A) Ischemic thrombotic embolic occlusion 87% FAST weakness aphasia treatment tPA <4.5h,
hemorrhagic rupture bleeding severe headache HTN increased ICP
B) Same
C) Only ischemic
D) Only hemorrhagic
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Ischemic thrombotic embolic occlusion 87% FAST weakness
aphasia treatment tPA <4.5h, hemorrhagic rupture bleeding severe headache HTN
increased ICP
RATIONALE: Neuro: Ischemic stroke thrombotic atherosclerosis embolic afib occlusion ischemia infarct
FAST face arm speech time tPA within 4.5h. Hemorrhagic subarachnoid intracerebral rupture HTN
aneurysm severe headache increased ICP. Patho BBB disruption edema. MS autoimmune demyelination
Parkinson dopamine deficiency nigrostriatal.
QUESTION 4: DKA vs HHS pathophysiology difference?
A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250 ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18
ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
B) Same
C) Only DKA
NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Rasmussen 2026/2027 Page 3
, D) Only HHS
CORRECT ANSWER: A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250
ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18 ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance
hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
RATIONALE: Diabetes complications: DKA absolute insulin deficiency lipolysis ketones acidosis Kussmaul
dehydration. HHS relative deficiency extreme hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration hyperosmolar.
Treatment fluids insulin electrolytes. Patho polyuria polydipsia polyphagia.
QUESTION 5: AKI types and CKD pathophysiology?
A) AKI prerenal hypoperfusion BUN/Cr >20, intrarenal ATN nephrotoxic, postrenal obstruction, CKD
progressive GFR <60 3mo stages
B) No types
C) Only prerenal
D) Only CKD
CORRECT ANSWER: A) AKI prerenal hypoperfusion BUN/Cr >20, intrarenal ATN
nephrotoxic, postrenal obstruction, CKD progressive GFR <60 3mo stages
RATIONALE: Renal: AKI prerenal decreased perfusion hypotension BUN/Cr >20:1 intrarenal parenchymal
ATN toxins intrarenal BUN/Cr <20 postrenal obstruction stone BPH. CKD progressive irreversible nephron
loss GFR <60 3 months stages 1-5 azotemia uremia anemia HTN. Dialysis.
QUESTION 6: Stroke ischemic vs hemorrhagic pathophysiology?
A) Ischemic thrombotic embolic occlusion 87% FAST weakness aphasia treatment tPA <4.5h,
hemorrhagic rupture bleeding severe headache HTN increased ICP
B) Same
C) Only ischemic
D) Only hemorrhagic
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Ischemic thrombotic embolic occlusion 87% FAST weakness
aphasia treatment tPA <4.5h, hemorrhagic rupture bleeding severe headache HTN
increased ICP
RATIONALE: Neuro: Ischemic stroke thrombotic atherosclerosis embolic afib occlusion ischemia infarct
FAST face arm speech time tPA within 4.5h. Hemorrhagic subarachnoid intracerebral rupture HTN
aneurysm severe headache increased ICP. Patho BBB disruption edema. MS autoimmune demyelination
Parkinson dopamine deficiency nigrostriatal.
QUESTION 7: DKA vs HHS pathophysiology difference?
A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250 ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18
ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
B) Same
C) Only DKA
D) Only HHS
CORRECT ANSWER: A) DKA Type1 absolute insulin deficiency hyperglycemia >250
ketosis acidosis pH <7.3 HCO3 <18 ketones positive, HHS Type2 insulin resistance
hyperglycemia >600 no ketosis dehydration
NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Rasmussen 2026/2027 Page 4
