NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SURE LATEST
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔complementary base pairing - ✔✔the consistent pairing of adenine & thymine and of
guanine & cytosine; ensures accurate replication of DNA.
✔✔Cri du chat syndrome - ✔✔condition caused by deletion on chromosome 5; child has
cat-like cry, low birth weight, mental retardation, microcephaly and heart defects
✔✔Down syndrome - ✔✔trisomy-21; most well known aneuploidy, occurs in about
1:800 live births; characterized by mental retardation, sterility, poor muscle tone,
congenital heart defects, characteristic facial features and lowered life expectancy
(about 60 years).
✔✔Duplication - ✔✔excess genetic material; usually less severe than deletions
✔✔Euploid - ✔✔cells with a normal number of chromosomes (diploid = 46, haploid =
23)
✔✔Expressivity - ✔✔the extent of variation in a phenotype associated with a particular
genotype
✔✔Klinefelter Syndrome - ✔✔individuals with XXY karyotype, may have moderate
mental impairment, male appearance but may have hypogonadism and sterility, high
pitched voice and mosaicism (duel XXY & XY karyotypes).
✔✔Triploidy - ✔✔mutation that causes cells to have 3 copies of each chromosome,
resulting in 69 chromosomes; incompatible with life
✔✔Turner Syndrome - ✔✔monoploidy of sex chromosome (karyotype 45, X); may
cause learning diabilities, short stature, coarctation of aorta and sterility.
✔✔abrasion - ✔✔results from removal of the superficial layers of the skin caused by
friction between the skin and the injuring object
, ✔✔adaptation - ✔✔A reversable, structural, or functional response both to normal
(physiologic) conditions and to adverse (pathologic) conditions in order to maintain
homeostasis.
✔✔algor mortis - ✔✔postmortem reduction in body temp
✔✔asphyxial injury - ✔✔injury caused by failure of cells to receive or use oxygen
✔✔bilirubin - ✔✔normal yellow-green pigment of bile derived from the porphyrin
structure of hemoglobin; excessive levels cause jaundice; unconjugated bilirubin is lipid
soluble and can damage cell membranes
✔✔blunt force injury - ✔✔mechanical injury to body resulting in tearing, shearing, or
crushing; most common injury seen in healthcare, caused by blows or impact, MVA,
and falls
✔✔carbon monoxide - ✔✔an odorless, colorless and undetectable gas produced by
incomplete combustion of fuels like gasoline; causes hypoxic injury
✔✔caseous necrosis - ✔✔a combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis that
usually results from TB infection; the dead cells disintegrate but debris is not fully
digested, so tissues resemble soft cheese
✔✔chopping wound - ✔✔heavy edged instruments (axes, hatchets, propeller blades,
etc) produce wounds with a combination of sharp and blunt force characteristics.
✔✔coagulative necrosis - ✔✔occurs primarily in kidneys, heart, and adrenal cells;
commonly results from hypoxia/ischemia; caused by protein denaturation (particularly
albumin)
✔✔compensatory hyperplasia - ✔✔an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs
to regenerate; occurs significantly in epidermal and intestinal epithelia, hepatocytes,
bone marrow cells, fibroblasts, and some bone, cartilage, and smooth muscle.
✔✔contusion - ✔✔bruising; bleeding into skin or underlying tissues
✔✔cyanide - ✔✔chemical asphyxiant that blocks the intracellular use of oxygen; signs
are similar to carbon monoxide posioning
✔✔disuse atrophy - ✔✔atrophy that occurs in skeletal muscles with prolonged periods
of non use
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔complementary base pairing - ✔✔the consistent pairing of adenine & thymine and of
guanine & cytosine; ensures accurate replication of DNA.
✔✔Cri du chat syndrome - ✔✔condition caused by deletion on chromosome 5; child has
cat-like cry, low birth weight, mental retardation, microcephaly and heart defects
✔✔Down syndrome - ✔✔trisomy-21; most well known aneuploidy, occurs in about
1:800 live births; characterized by mental retardation, sterility, poor muscle tone,
congenital heart defects, characteristic facial features and lowered life expectancy
(about 60 years).
✔✔Duplication - ✔✔excess genetic material; usually less severe than deletions
✔✔Euploid - ✔✔cells with a normal number of chromosomes (diploid = 46, haploid =
23)
✔✔Expressivity - ✔✔the extent of variation in a phenotype associated with a particular
genotype
✔✔Klinefelter Syndrome - ✔✔individuals with XXY karyotype, may have moderate
mental impairment, male appearance but may have hypogonadism and sterility, high
pitched voice and mosaicism (duel XXY & XY karyotypes).
✔✔Triploidy - ✔✔mutation that causes cells to have 3 copies of each chromosome,
resulting in 69 chromosomes; incompatible with life
✔✔Turner Syndrome - ✔✔monoploidy of sex chromosome (karyotype 45, X); may
cause learning diabilities, short stature, coarctation of aorta and sterility.
✔✔abrasion - ✔✔results from removal of the superficial layers of the skin caused by
friction between the skin and the injuring object
, ✔✔adaptation - ✔✔A reversable, structural, or functional response both to normal
(physiologic) conditions and to adverse (pathologic) conditions in order to maintain
homeostasis.
✔✔algor mortis - ✔✔postmortem reduction in body temp
✔✔asphyxial injury - ✔✔injury caused by failure of cells to receive or use oxygen
✔✔bilirubin - ✔✔normal yellow-green pigment of bile derived from the porphyrin
structure of hemoglobin; excessive levels cause jaundice; unconjugated bilirubin is lipid
soluble and can damage cell membranes
✔✔blunt force injury - ✔✔mechanical injury to body resulting in tearing, shearing, or
crushing; most common injury seen in healthcare, caused by blows or impact, MVA,
and falls
✔✔carbon monoxide - ✔✔an odorless, colorless and undetectable gas produced by
incomplete combustion of fuels like gasoline; causes hypoxic injury
✔✔caseous necrosis - ✔✔a combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis that
usually results from TB infection; the dead cells disintegrate but debris is not fully
digested, so tissues resemble soft cheese
✔✔chopping wound - ✔✔heavy edged instruments (axes, hatchets, propeller blades,
etc) produce wounds with a combination of sharp and blunt force characteristics.
✔✔coagulative necrosis - ✔✔occurs primarily in kidneys, heart, and adrenal cells;
commonly results from hypoxia/ischemia; caused by protein denaturation (particularly
albumin)
✔✔compensatory hyperplasia - ✔✔an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs
to regenerate; occurs significantly in epidermal and intestinal epithelia, hepatocytes,
bone marrow cells, fibroblasts, and some bone, cartilage, and smooth muscle.
✔✔contusion - ✔✔bruising; bleeding into skin or underlying tissues
✔✔cyanide - ✔✔chemical asphyxiant that blocks the intracellular use of oxygen; signs
are similar to carbon monoxide posioning
✔✔disuse atrophy - ✔✔atrophy that occurs in skeletal muscles with prolonged periods
of non use
