NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY STANDARD EXAMS
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔b. Hyperglycemia - ✔✔What may unusual thirst in diabetic patient indicate?
a. Nephropathy
b. Hyperglycemia
c. Polyuria
d. Fluid overload
✔✔b. Asthmatic attacks produce edema and increased edema - ✔✔Which of the
following is true about chronic airway disease?
a. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive
increase in ciliary function
b. Asthmatic attacks produce edema and increased mucus
c. COPD produces reversible constriction of airways
d. Asthma results in hyperinflation of alveoli
✔✔c. Beta chorionic gonadotropin - ✔✔Which hormone is elevated in early pregnancy,
and is detected by pregnancy screening tests?
a. Estrogen
b. Follicle stimulating hormone
c. Beta chorionic gonadotropin
d. Prolactin
✔✔c. Arteriole occlusion results in ischemia to muscles - ✔✔A patient with peripheral
artery disease experiences intermittent pain with walking. What is the mechanism
responsible?
a. Vein engorgement resulting in tissue compression
b.. Hyperglycemic damage to arterioles, resulting in intimal destruction
c. Arteriole occlusion results in ischemia to muscles
d. Thromboembolism in capillaries causes inflammation of blockage of blood drainage
from legs
,✔✔c. Tachycardia - ✔✔Which is the initial vital sign alteration expected when a patient
has acute hypovolemia?
a. Tachypnea
b. Hypotension
c. Tachycardia
d. Elevated temperature
✔✔a. Stable angina - ✔✔A patient has episodes of chest pain, shortness of breath with
activity, and it is relieved by rest. What is this called?
a. Stable angina
b. Unstable angina
c. Myocardial infarction
d. Pericarditis
✔✔a. Eating bacon and other cured meats
d. Helicobacter pylori infection - ✔✔Which of the following may be risk factors
associated with the development of gastric cancer? (select all that apply)
a. Eating bacon and other cured meats
b. Celiac disease
c. Ulcerative colitis
d. Helicobacter pylori infection
e. High carbohydrate diet
✔✔c. Macrophages cause destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in loss of overall
alveolar surface area - ✔✔What immunologic activity is seen in the development of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a. T cells attack healthy goblet cells in epithelium of trachea
b. B cells produce excessive immunoglobulins causing inflammation in lung
parenchyma
c. Macrophages cause destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in loss of overall alveolar
surface area
d. Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in small airways causing widespread
inflammation
✔✔d. Protein breakdown produces nitrogenous wastes that are excreted by liver and
kidneys - ✔✔Why would protein be restricted for patients with liver and kidney disease?
a. Protein has a pro inflammatory effect on live tissue
b. Protein will be excreted by damaged nephrons and result in proteinuria
c. Less protein is needed as organ dysfunction results in reduced metabolic needs
d. Protein breakdown produces nitrogenous wastes that are excreted by liver and
kidneys
✔✔a. Hyperglycemia results in microvascular damage to capillaries - ✔✔What is the
mechanism of end organ disease with diabetes mellitus?
a. Hyperglycemia results in microvascular damage to capillaries
, b. Episodic hypoglycemia causes intermittent reduction of blood flow to organs
c.Buildup of nitrogenous wastes in blood is toxic to organs
d. Reduction in blood viscosity results in enhanced perfusion of organs
✔✔c. Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels - ✔✔What is a way to diagnose
pancreatitis?
a. Hard, dry stools
b. Right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain
c. Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels
d. Thrombocytopenia
✔✔b. Release of insulin - ✔✔Which of the following is caused by elevated plasma
glucose?
a. Release of glucagon
b. Release of insulin
c. Release of glycogen
d. Release of potassium
✔✔a. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) of 100 mg/dL
b. Potassium of 3.5-5.0 mEq/l
c. Hemoglobin of 12-17 gm/dL
e. High density lipoprotein (HDL) >40 mg/dL
f. Blood urea nitrogen of 15 mg/dL - ✔✔Which of the following lab values reflect
NORMAL (expected) levels?
a. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) of 100 mg/dL
b. Potassium of 3.5-5.0 mEq/l
c. Hemoglobin of 12-17 gm/dL
d. Hematocrit <30%
e. High density lipoprotein (HDL) >40 mg/dL
f. Blood urea nitrogen of 15 mg/dL
✔✔c. The trabecular meshwork becomes blocked over time - ✔✔What is true of open
angle glaucoma?
a. The angle of Schlemm is constricted, preventing drainage
b. It is sudden and acutely painful
c. The trabecular meshwork becomes blocked over time
d. There is reduced production of aqueous humor, resulting in eye ischemia
✔✔c. Hypoxia - ✔✔What is an expected feature of adult respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)?
a. Extreme hypercapnia
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Hypoxia
d. Green or yellow sputum
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔b. Hyperglycemia - ✔✔What may unusual thirst in diabetic patient indicate?
a. Nephropathy
b. Hyperglycemia
c. Polyuria
d. Fluid overload
✔✔b. Asthmatic attacks produce edema and increased edema - ✔✔Which of the
following is true about chronic airway disease?
a. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive
increase in ciliary function
b. Asthmatic attacks produce edema and increased mucus
c. COPD produces reversible constriction of airways
d. Asthma results in hyperinflation of alveoli
✔✔c. Beta chorionic gonadotropin - ✔✔Which hormone is elevated in early pregnancy,
and is detected by pregnancy screening tests?
a. Estrogen
b. Follicle stimulating hormone
c. Beta chorionic gonadotropin
d. Prolactin
✔✔c. Arteriole occlusion results in ischemia to muscles - ✔✔A patient with peripheral
artery disease experiences intermittent pain with walking. What is the mechanism
responsible?
a. Vein engorgement resulting in tissue compression
b.. Hyperglycemic damage to arterioles, resulting in intimal destruction
c. Arteriole occlusion results in ischemia to muscles
d. Thromboembolism in capillaries causes inflammation of blockage of blood drainage
from legs
,✔✔c. Tachycardia - ✔✔Which is the initial vital sign alteration expected when a patient
has acute hypovolemia?
a. Tachypnea
b. Hypotension
c. Tachycardia
d. Elevated temperature
✔✔a. Stable angina - ✔✔A patient has episodes of chest pain, shortness of breath with
activity, and it is relieved by rest. What is this called?
a. Stable angina
b. Unstable angina
c. Myocardial infarction
d. Pericarditis
✔✔a. Eating bacon and other cured meats
d. Helicobacter pylori infection - ✔✔Which of the following may be risk factors
associated with the development of gastric cancer? (select all that apply)
a. Eating bacon and other cured meats
b. Celiac disease
c. Ulcerative colitis
d. Helicobacter pylori infection
e. High carbohydrate diet
✔✔c. Macrophages cause destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in loss of overall
alveolar surface area - ✔✔What immunologic activity is seen in the development of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a. T cells attack healthy goblet cells in epithelium of trachea
b. B cells produce excessive immunoglobulins causing inflammation in lung
parenchyma
c. Macrophages cause destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in loss of overall alveolar
surface area
d. Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in small airways causing widespread
inflammation
✔✔d. Protein breakdown produces nitrogenous wastes that are excreted by liver and
kidneys - ✔✔Why would protein be restricted for patients with liver and kidney disease?
a. Protein has a pro inflammatory effect on live tissue
b. Protein will be excreted by damaged nephrons and result in proteinuria
c. Less protein is needed as organ dysfunction results in reduced metabolic needs
d. Protein breakdown produces nitrogenous wastes that are excreted by liver and
kidneys
✔✔a. Hyperglycemia results in microvascular damage to capillaries - ✔✔What is the
mechanism of end organ disease with diabetes mellitus?
a. Hyperglycemia results in microvascular damage to capillaries
, b. Episodic hypoglycemia causes intermittent reduction of blood flow to organs
c.Buildup of nitrogenous wastes in blood is toxic to organs
d. Reduction in blood viscosity results in enhanced perfusion of organs
✔✔c. Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels - ✔✔What is a way to diagnose
pancreatitis?
a. Hard, dry stools
b. Right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain
c. Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels
d. Thrombocytopenia
✔✔b. Release of insulin - ✔✔Which of the following is caused by elevated plasma
glucose?
a. Release of glucagon
b. Release of insulin
c. Release of glycogen
d. Release of potassium
✔✔a. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) of 100 mg/dL
b. Potassium of 3.5-5.0 mEq/l
c. Hemoglobin of 12-17 gm/dL
e. High density lipoprotein (HDL) >40 mg/dL
f. Blood urea nitrogen of 15 mg/dL - ✔✔Which of the following lab values reflect
NORMAL (expected) levels?
a. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) of 100 mg/dL
b. Potassium of 3.5-5.0 mEq/l
c. Hemoglobin of 12-17 gm/dL
d. Hematocrit <30%
e. High density lipoprotein (HDL) >40 mg/dL
f. Blood urea nitrogen of 15 mg/dL
✔✔c. The trabecular meshwork becomes blocked over time - ✔✔What is true of open
angle glaucoma?
a. The angle of Schlemm is constricted, preventing drainage
b. It is sudden and acutely painful
c. The trabecular meshwork becomes blocked over time
d. There is reduced production of aqueous humor, resulting in eye ischemia
✔✔c. Hypoxia - ✔✔What is an expected feature of adult respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)?
a. Extreme hypercapnia
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Hypoxia
d. Green or yellow sputum
