AMU CHEM 134 STUDY GUIDE
Explain how you could experimentally determine whether the outside temperature is
higher or lower than 0 °C (32 °F) without using a thermometer? - answer Place a glass
of water outside. It will freeze if the temperature is below 0 °C.
Identify each of the following statements as being most similar to a hypothesis, a law, or
a theory. Explain your reasoning.
(a) The pressure of a sample of gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the
gas.
(b) Matter consists of tiny particles that can combine in specific ratios to form
substances with specific properties.
(c) At a higher temperature, solids (such as salt or sugar) will dissolve better in water. -
answer(a) law (states a consistently observed phenomenon, can be used for prediction)
(b) theory (a widely accepted explanation of the behavior of matter)
(c) hypothesis (a tentative explanation, can be investigated by experimentation)
Identify each of the underlined items as a part of either the macroscopic domain, the
microscopic domain, or the symbolic domain of chemistry.
For those in the symbolic domain, indicate whether they are symbols for a macroscopic
or a microscopic feature.
a.) The mass of a lead pipe is 14 lb.
b.)The mass of a certain chlorine atom is 35 amu.
c.)A bottle with a label that reads Al contains aluminum metal.
d.) Al is the symbol for an aluminum atom. - answera.) macroscopic
b.) microscopic
c.) Symbolic; microscopic
d.) Symbolic; microscopic
Identify each of the underlined items as a part of either the macroscopic domain, the
microscopic domain, or the symbolic domain of chemistry. For those in the symbolic
domain, indicate whether they are symbols for a macroscopic or a microscopic feature.
(a) A certain molecule contains one H atom and one Cl atom.
(b) Copper wire has a density of about 8 g/cm3.
(c) The bottle contains 15 grams of Ni powder.
(d) A sulfur molecule is composed of eight sulfur atoms. - answer(a) symbolic,
microscopic
(b) macroscopic
(c) symbolic, macroscopic
(d) microscopic
According to one theory, the pressure of a gas increases as its volume decreases
because the molecules in the gas have to move a shorter distance to hit the walls of the
,container. Does this theory follow a macroscopic or microscopic description of chemical
behavior? Explain your answer. - answerThis theory follows microscopic description
molecules in the gas are determined on microscopic properties
The amount of heat required to melt 2 lbs of ice is twice the amount of heat required to
melt 1 lb of ice. Is this observation a macroscopic or microscopic description of chemical
behavior? Explain your answer. - answerThis is a macroscopic observation.
Explanation:
When you have something that It is depends on the mass, you can be sure that this is a
macroscopic description of chemical behavior, because macroscopic observation can
be measured with extensive magnitudes such as volume, mass, and length.
chemistry - answerstudy of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter
hypothesis - answertentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for
gathering and checking information
law - answerstatement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations,
and describes or predicts some aspect of the natural world
macroscopic domain - answerrealm of everyday things that are large enough to sense
directly by human sight and touch
microscopic domain - answerrealm of things that are much too small to be sensed
directly
scientific method - answerpath of discovery that leads from question and observation to
law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis
and any necessary modification of the theory
symbolic domain - answerspecialized language used to represent components of the
macroscopic and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols, chemical formulas,
chemical equations, graphs, drawings, and calculations
Theory - answerwell-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular
aspect of nature
Matter - answerdefined as anything that occupies space and has mass
solid - answerrigid and possesses a definite shape
liquid - answerflows and takes the shape of a container, except that it forms a flat or
slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity.
gas - answertakes both the shape and volume of its container.
, fourth state of matter plasma - answergaseous state of matter that contains appreciable
numbers of electrically charged particles
Matter can also have properties of more than one state when it is a mixture -
answersuch as with clouds
mass - answera measure of the amount of matter in it
One way to measure an object's mass is to - answermeasure the force it takes to
accelerate the object.
Weight refers to the - answerforce that gravity exerts on an object
The weight of an object changes as the force of gravity changes, but its (____) does not
- answermass
The law of conservation of matter - answerstates that there is no detectable change in
the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another (a
chemical change) or changes among solid, liquid, or gaseous states (a physical
change)
A sample of mercury with a mass of 114.0 g was combined with 12.8 g of oxygen gas
and the resulting reaction gave 123.1g of mercury (II) oxide. How much oxygen was left
over after the reaction is complete? - answer123.1g-114.0g = 9.1g of O
atom - answerthe smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element
and can enter into a chemical combination
John Dalton (1766-1844) - answerBritish schoolteacher with a keen interest in science,
supported this hypothesis with quantitative measurements
molecule - answertwo or more atoms joined by strong forces called chemical bonds
pure substance - answerhas a constant composition
We can divide pure substances into two classes: - answerelements and compounds
Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical
changes are called - answerelements
Pure substances that can be broken down by chemical changes are called -
answercompounds
A mixture is composed of - answertwo or more types of matter that can be present in
varying amounts and can be separated by physical changes, such as evaporation
Explain how you could experimentally determine whether the outside temperature is
higher or lower than 0 °C (32 °F) without using a thermometer? - answer Place a glass
of water outside. It will freeze if the temperature is below 0 °C.
Identify each of the following statements as being most similar to a hypothesis, a law, or
a theory. Explain your reasoning.
(a) The pressure of a sample of gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the
gas.
(b) Matter consists of tiny particles that can combine in specific ratios to form
substances with specific properties.
(c) At a higher temperature, solids (such as salt or sugar) will dissolve better in water. -
answer(a) law (states a consistently observed phenomenon, can be used for prediction)
(b) theory (a widely accepted explanation of the behavior of matter)
(c) hypothesis (a tentative explanation, can be investigated by experimentation)
Identify each of the underlined items as a part of either the macroscopic domain, the
microscopic domain, or the symbolic domain of chemistry.
For those in the symbolic domain, indicate whether they are symbols for a macroscopic
or a microscopic feature.
a.) The mass of a lead pipe is 14 lb.
b.)The mass of a certain chlorine atom is 35 amu.
c.)A bottle with a label that reads Al contains aluminum metal.
d.) Al is the symbol for an aluminum atom. - answera.) macroscopic
b.) microscopic
c.) Symbolic; microscopic
d.) Symbolic; microscopic
Identify each of the underlined items as a part of either the macroscopic domain, the
microscopic domain, or the symbolic domain of chemistry. For those in the symbolic
domain, indicate whether they are symbols for a macroscopic or a microscopic feature.
(a) A certain molecule contains one H atom and one Cl atom.
(b) Copper wire has a density of about 8 g/cm3.
(c) The bottle contains 15 grams of Ni powder.
(d) A sulfur molecule is composed of eight sulfur atoms. - answer(a) symbolic,
microscopic
(b) macroscopic
(c) symbolic, macroscopic
(d) microscopic
According to one theory, the pressure of a gas increases as its volume decreases
because the molecules in the gas have to move a shorter distance to hit the walls of the
,container. Does this theory follow a macroscopic or microscopic description of chemical
behavior? Explain your answer. - answerThis theory follows microscopic description
molecules in the gas are determined on microscopic properties
The amount of heat required to melt 2 lbs of ice is twice the amount of heat required to
melt 1 lb of ice. Is this observation a macroscopic or microscopic description of chemical
behavior? Explain your answer. - answerThis is a macroscopic observation.
Explanation:
When you have something that It is depends on the mass, you can be sure that this is a
macroscopic description of chemical behavior, because macroscopic observation can
be measured with extensive magnitudes such as volume, mass, and length.
chemistry - answerstudy of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter
hypothesis - answertentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for
gathering and checking information
law - answerstatement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations,
and describes or predicts some aspect of the natural world
macroscopic domain - answerrealm of everyday things that are large enough to sense
directly by human sight and touch
microscopic domain - answerrealm of things that are much too small to be sensed
directly
scientific method - answerpath of discovery that leads from question and observation to
law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis
and any necessary modification of the theory
symbolic domain - answerspecialized language used to represent components of the
macroscopic and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols, chemical formulas,
chemical equations, graphs, drawings, and calculations
Theory - answerwell-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular
aspect of nature
Matter - answerdefined as anything that occupies space and has mass
solid - answerrigid and possesses a definite shape
liquid - answerflows and takes the shape of a container, except that it forms a flat or
slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity.
gas - answertakes both the shape and volume of its container.
, fourth state of matter plasma - answergaseous state of matter that contains appreciable
numbers of electrically charged particles
Matter can also have properties of more than one state when it is a mixture -
answersuch as with clouds
mass - answera measure of the amount of matter in it
One way to measure an object's mass is to - answermeasure the force it takes to
accelerate the object.
Weight refers to the - answerforce that gravity exerts on an object
The weight of an object changes as the force of gravity changes, but its (____) does not
- answermass
The law of conservation of matter - answerstates that there is no detectable change in
the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another (a
chemical change) or changes among solid, liquid, or gaseous states (a physical
change)
A sample of mercury with a mass of 114.0 g was combined with 12.8 g of oxygen gas
and the resulting reaction gave 123.1g of mercury (II) oxide. How much oxygen was left
over after the reaction is complete? - answer123.1g-114.0g = 9.1g of O
atom - answerthe smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element
and can enter into a chemical combination
John Dalton (1766-1844) - answerBritish schoolteacher with a keen interest in science,
supported this hypothesis with quantitative measurements
molecule - answertwo or more atoms joined by strong forces called chemical bonds
pure substance - answerhas a constant composition
We can divide pure substances into two classes: - answerelements and compounds
Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical
changes are called - answerelements
Pure substances that can be broken down by chemical changes are called -
answercompounds
A mixture is composed of - answertwo or more types of matter that can be present in
varying amounts and can be separated by physical changes, such as evaporation
