8.1 METABOLISM
*
Metabolism web of alt
=
enzyme cata y sea reactor s in a
Cell or Organ is m
- > Most chemical reactions
occur in a Sequence of small
steps which forma me tabolic pathwouy
Meta bolic chains # glycolysis
•
A B C → D → →
Metabolicreactions ¥ Krebs y de
•
[ !
E
* En 24 mes
•
In crease the rate of the chemical reactions that they cataly se
activationenergya.cn
bylowering their
erqy needeol to Overcome the energy
barrier that pre vents the reactor
•
Remainunused / unChanyeol at the enol of the reactor ( bio lo -
qual Catalyst)
→
Enzyme activity = Me catatysis of a reactor by an
enzyme
① Substrato birds to active site ofenzy me and toms an
enzy me substrato complex ( the share and Chemical
-
properties of active si te and substrate match each other)
② Substrato is Converter into a product while it is bound
to active si te
③ Product sepárate s from active site , having it vacant
for an other substrato to bind again
,*
Enzymeinhibitors chemicalsubstancesthatblnolto
-
-
enzymesandreomuetheactivityoftheenzymeithere.by
decreasingtherateofthereactlon
v v
Competitive inhibitors Non competitive inhibitors
-
☐
Compete withsubstratefor ☐
Donotcompelewithsubstrate
active site withactivesite
☐
Arestructurallyandche -
☐ Binoltoanallostericsite
micallysimilartosubstrolte onenzyme, inducingolcom -
i. binoltoactivesiteanol fomationalchangeinactive
blockit site / allersitsshape)
Thispreventssubstrate
> frombindingtoactive <
siteand.is/0WSreactionrate
, since the in hibitor is in Competition with the sub -
strate in creas ing the substrato concentration
,
di minis hes the effects of the in hibitor This reduces
.
the Chance of the in hibitor binding to the active site
as the substrato out compete s the inhibitorio the
Maximum rate of the un inhibiteol enzy me can be achi e -
re ol but it takes a much higher subs trate concentrate on
-
to do so .
since the in hibitor is not in competition with the
substrate , in crea Sing the substrate con centration has no
effect on the in hibitor Even at high substrate con cien
.
-
trations , some en zy mes are Hill in hibiteol : there are
.
tener Functional active Sites ( ome to the comformato -
nal Chang e) so the enzy me has a reduce a ability to
princess the sub Strokes , even if the substrato concentrati on
in creas es It talles approx the same substrate concentra
. .
-
ti on to reach the maximum rate , but the maximum rate
is lower than the One of the uninhiblleol enzyme .
*
Metabolism web of alt
=
enzyme cata y sea reactor s in a
Cell or Organ is m
- > Most chemical reactions
occur in a Sequence of small
steps which forma me tabolic pathwouy
Meta bolic chains # glycolysis
•
A B C → D → →
Metabolicreactions ¥ Krebs y de
•
[ !
E
* En 24 mes
•
In crease the rate of the chemical reactions that they cataly se
activationenergya.cn
bylowering their
erqy needeol to Overcome the energy
barrier that pre vents the reactor
•
Remainunused / unChanyeol at the enol of the reactor ( bio lo -
qual Catalyst)
→
Enzyme activity = Me catatysis of a reactor by an
enzyme
① Substrato birds to active site ofenzy me and toms an
enzy me substrato complex ( the share and Chemical
-
properties of active si te and substrate match each other)
② Substrato is Converter into a product while it is bound
to active si te
③ Product sepárate s from active site , having it vacant
for an other substrato to bind again
,*
Enzymeinhibitors chemicalsubstancesthatblnolto
-
-
enzymesandreomuetheactivityoftheenzymeithere.by
decreasingtherateofthereactlon
v v
Competitive inhibitors Non competitive inhibitors
-
☐
Compete withsubstratefor ☐
Donotcompelewithsubstrate
active site withactivesite
☐
Arestructurallyandche -
☐ Binoltoanallostericsite
micallysimilartosubstrolte onenzyme, inducingolcom -
i. binoltoactivesiteanol fomationalchangeinactive
blockit site / allersitsshape)
Thispreventssubstrate
> frombindingtoactive <
siteand.is/0WSreactionrate
, since the in hibitor is in Competition with the sub -
strate in creas ing the substrato concentration
,
di minis hes the effects of the in hibitor This reduces
.
the Chance of the in hibitor binding to the active site
as the substrato out compete s the inhibitorio the
Maximum rate of the un inhibiteol enzy me can be achi e -
re ol but it takes a much higher subs trate concentrate on
-
to do so .
since the in hibitor is not in competition with the
substrate , in crea Sing the substrate con centration has no
effect on the in hibitor Even at high substrate con cien
.
-
trations , some en zy mes are Hill in hibiteol : there are
.
tener Functional active Sites ( ome to the comformato -
nal Chang e) so the enzy me has a reduce a ability to
princess the sub Strokes , even if the substrato concentrati on
in creas es It talles approx the same substrate concentra
. .
-
ti on to reach the maximum rate , but the maximum rate
is lower than the One of the uninhiblleol enzyme .
