PHARM BLOCK 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF
PHARMACOLOGY STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
1. What is the term for what the body does to a drug?: Pharmacokinetics
2. What is the term for what a drug does to the body?: Pharmacodynamics
3. What are the 4 parts to pharmacokinetics?: Absorption; Distribution;
Metabolism; Elimination
4. Elimination of a drug from the body involves what 3 organs/organ systems?-
: Kidney; GI tract; Lungs
5. Metabolism of a drug in the body involves what 4 organs/organ systems?: -
Liver; Lungs; Kidneys; GI tract
6. What is a charged (polar) substance that is water soluble ("water loving")?: -
Hydrophilic
7. What is an uncharged substance that has high lipid solubility ("fat loving")?-
: Lipophilic
8. An acid is a proton ________ & a base is a proton ________: Donor; Acceptor
9. When a weak acid is placed in an alkaline (basic) environment, what happens
to the charge?: Ionization (polar charge) increases
10. When a weak base is placed in an acidic environment, what happens to the
charge?: Ionization (polar charge) increases
11. When a weak acid is placed in an acidic environment, what happens to the
charge?: Ionization (charge) decreases
12. When a weak base is placed in an alkaline (basic) environment, what happens
to the charge?: Ionization (charge) decreases
, 13. Weak bases (very high pH) are not normally absorbed in the stomach.
Why?: Stomach is acidic; Base into an acid = increased ionization (polar charge) =
not allowing water soluble
particles to cross a phospholipid membrane & get absorbed
14. Weak acids (very low pH), such as ibuprofen, can be absorbed directly from
the stomach. Why?: Stomach is acidic; Acid into an acid = decreased ionization
(charge) = allowing nonpolar,
fat-loving particles to cross phospholipid membrane
15. What substance is known to cause urinary alkalization?: Sodium bicarbonate
16. Alkalinizing the urine will ____________ (increase/decrease) the elimination
of
an acidic drug: Increase
17. Acidification of the urine will __________ (increase/decrease) the elimination
of a basic drug: Increase
18. What is the term for the fraction of the administered dose of a drug that
reaches the systemic circulation in an active form?: Bioavailability (F)
19. What is the bioavailability of IV drugs?: 100%
20. What organ is the primary site of drug metabolism?: Liver
21. What type of absorption mostly applies to oral drugs & reduces bioavailability,
possibly limiting drug efficacy if clearance by the liver is significant?: First-Pass
metabolism
22. If a drug is bound to plasma protein, it is ______________: Inactive
23. What is used to describe drug distribution behavior in the body through
compartmental models?: Drug Modeling
PHARMACOLOGY STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
1. What is the term for what the body does to a drug?: Pharmacokinetics
2. What is the term for what a drug does to the body?: Pharmacodynamics
3. What are the 4 parts to pharmacokinetics?: Absorption; Distribution;
Metabolism; Elimination
4. Elimination of a drug from the body involves what 3 organs/organ systems?-
: Kidney; GI tract; Lungs
5. Metabolism of a drug in the body involves what 4 organs/organ systems?: -
Liver; Lungs; Kidneys; GI tract
6. What is a charged (polar) substance that is water soluble ("water loving")?: -
Hydrophilic
7. What is an uncharged substance that has high lipid solubility ("fat loving")?-
: Lipophilic
8. An acid is a proton ________ & a base is a proton ________: Donor; Acceptor
9. When a weak acid is placed in an alkaline (basic) environment, what happens
to the charge?: Ionization (polar charge) increases
10. When a weak base is placed in an acidic environment, what happens to the
charge?: Ionization (polar charge) increases
11. When a weak acid is placed in an acidic environment, what happens to the
charge?: Ionization (charge) decreases
12. When a weak base is placed in an alkaline (basic) environment, what happens
to the charge?: Ionization (charge) decreases
, 13. Weak bases (very high pH) are not normally absorbed in the stomach.
Why?: Stomach is acidic; Base into an acid = increased ionization (polar charge) =
not allowing water soluble
particles to cross a phospholipid membrane & get absorbed
14. Weak acids (very low pH), such as ibuprofen, can be absorbed directly from
the stomach. Why?: Stomach is acidic; Acid into an acid = decreased ionization
(charge) = allowing nonpolar,
fat-loving particles to cross phospholipid membrane
15. What substance is known to cause urinary alkalization?: Sodium bicarbonate
16. Alkalinizing the urine will ____________ (increase/decrease) the elimination
of
an acidic drug: Increase
17. Acidification of the urine will __________ (increase/decrease) the elimination
of a basic drug: Increase
18. What is the term for the fraction of the administered dose of a drug that
reaches the systemic circulation in an active form?: Bioavailability (F)
19. What is the bioavailability of IV drugs?: 100%
20. What organ is the primary site of drug metabolism?: Liver
21. What type of absorption mostly applies to oral drugs & reduces bioavailability,
possibly limiting drug efficacy if clearance by the liver is significant?: First-Pass
metabolism
22. If a drug is bound to plasma protein, it is ______________: Inactive
23. What is used to describe drug distribution behavior in the body through
compartmental models?: Drug Modeling
