HSCI 190 MODULE 3 PRACTICE SOLUTION
STUDY SHEET QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
ANSWERS
●● Summarize the major determinants of population health.
Answer: 50%- life (job, income, education, etc)
25%- health care (access, wait times, etc)
15%- biology (genetics)
10%- environment (air quality, etc)
●● Discuss the four key ideas of determinants of health mentioned in the
Lalonde report.
Answer: a) human biology: genetic predisposition
b) lifestyle: personal health practices such as smoking and exercising
c) environment: social environment: age structure, gender structure,
employment and
working conditions, physical environment: what we drink, the air we
breathe and our exposure to pollution and the built environment
d) health care: access to physician and hospital care
●● Draw a diagram showing the determinants of population health.
Answer: ----------
,●● According to Antonovsky's model of health, what are determinants of
ill health and good health? Draw a diagram to distinguish between
pathogenesis and salutogenesis.
Answer: it is easier to measure the indicators of ill health than indicators
of good health
indicators of ill health include morbidity and mortality rates
●● Differentiate between personal and structural determinants of health;
and how are they are connected?
Answer: Personal determinants; Evident at the individual
level, Includes genetic makeup, beliefs, attitudes, and personal health
practices
structural determinants; Evident at the societal level, Includes aspects of
the
social and economic environment: income distribution, rates of
unemployment, etc.)
they interact with eachother to determine health
●● Differentiate between horizontal and vertical structures of the
structural determinants of health.
Answer: Horizontal structures are the more immediate factors that shape
health and well-being. E.g. family environment, the nature of work and
workplace conditions, and quality of housing
, • Vertical structures are more distant, macro-level factors that indirectly
influence health and well-being. E.g. political, and economic policies
regarding social welfare or taxation
●● Differentiate between proximal (downstream) and distal (upstream)
factors.
Answer: upstream; policy and programs like schools and governments or
social inequities like class, race gender, etc.
downstream; disease and injury, mortality
●● Differentiate between primary and secondary health determinants;
and how are they are connected?
Answer: Primary determinants are made up of socioeconomic factors
such as household income, education level, and employment status
Secondary determinants, such as daily behavioural practices (e.g.,
smoking) and our psychosocial factors that shape health and well-being.
Primary determinants have a direct effect on secondary determinants
e.g. lost job/low income>stressful life>smoking
●● **Write comments on the relationship between occupational gradient
/ socioeconomic status / social hierarchy and health. Provide specific
examples to support your answer.
Answer: where you stand in the social hierarchy is intimately related to
your chances of getting ill and your length of life.
STUDY SHEET QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
ANSWERS
●● Summarize the major determinants of population health.
Answer: 50%- life (job, income, education, etc)
25%- health care (access, wait times, etc)
15%- biology (genetics)
10%- environment (air quality, etc)
●● Discuss the four key ideas of determinants of health mentioned in the
Lalonde report.
Answer: a) human biology: genetic predisposition
b) lifestyle: personal health practices such as smoking and exercising
c) environment: social environment: age structure, gender structure,
employment and
working conditions, physical environment: what we drink, the air we
breathe and our exposure to pollution and the built environment
d) health care: access to physician and hospital care
●● Draw a diagram showing the determinants of population health.
Answer: ----------
,●● According to Antonovsky's model of health, what are determinants of
ill health and good health? Draw a diagram to distinguish between
pathogenesis and salutogenesis.
Answer: it is easier to measure the indicators of ill health than indicators
of good health
indicators of ill health include morbidity and mortality rates
●● Differentiate between personal and structural determinants of health;
and how are they are connected?
Answer: Personal determinants; Evident at the individual
level, Includes genetic makeup, beliefs, attitudes, and personal health
practices
structural determinants; Evident at the societal level, Includes aspects of
the
social and economic environment: income distribution, rates of
unemployment, etc.)
they interact with eachother to determine health
●● Differentiate between horizontal and vertical structures of the
structural determinants of health.
Answer: Horizontal structures are the more immediate factors that shape
health and well-being. E.g. family environment, the nature of work and
workplace conditions, and quality of housing
, • Vertical structures are more distant, macro-level factors that indirectly
influence health and well-being. E.g. political, and economic policies
regarding social welfare or taxation
●● Differentiate between proximal (downstream) and distal (upstream)
factors.
Answer: upstream; policy and programs like schools and governments or
social inequities like class, race gender, etc.
downstream; disease and injury, mortality
●● Differentiate between primary and secondary health determinants;
and how are they are connected?
Answer: Primary determinants are made up of socioeconomic factors
such as household income, education level, and employment status
Secondary determinants, such as daily behavioural practices (e.g.,
smoking) and our psychosocial factors that shape health and well-being.
Primary determinants have a direct effect on secondary determinants
e.g. lost job/low income>stressful life>smoking
●● **Write comments on the relationship between occupational gradient
/ socioeconomic status / social hierarchy and health. Provide specific
examples to support your answer.
Answer: where you stand in the social hierarchy is intimately related to
your chances of getting ill and your length of life.
