NR 324 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● pH
Answer: 7.35-7.45
●● low pH
Answer: acidic
●● high pH
Answer: alkalosis
●● pa CO2
Answer: 35-45 mm Hg
●● HCO3
Answer: 22-26 mEq/L
●● respiratory acidosis
Answer: low pH, high co2, normal bicarbonate
●● causes of respiratory acidosis
,Answer: respiratory depression from anesthesia, overdose, increased
intracranial pressure, airway obstruction from decreased alveolar
capillary diffusion like pneumonia, COPD, ARDS, AND PE
●● signs/symptoms of respiratory acidosis
Answer: hypoventilation (hypoxia), rapid, shallow respirations, decrease
in BP, skin/mucous pale to cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia,
dysrhythmias, drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation, muscle weakness,
hyperreflexia
●● Nursing management of respiratory acidosis
Answer: ventilator, arterial blood gas, low-dose oxygen in chronic
conditions, high-dose oxygen in acute hypoxia with acidosis, I/O,
promote the release of CO2, turn/cough/deep breathe, assume semi-high
fowlers position, clear respiratory secretions, colors of skin, mucous
membranes
●● respiratory alkalosis
Answer: high pH, low co2 and normal bicarbonate
●● causes of respiratory alkalosis
Answer: high pH, low co2 and hyperventilation, initial stages of
pulmonary emboli, hypoxia, fever, pregnancy, high altitudes, and anxiety
●● signs/symptoms of respiratory alkalosis
, Answer: seizures, deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia,
decrease BP, hypokalemia, numbness/tingling in extremities,
lethargy/confusion, light headedness, N/V
●● nursing management of respiratory alkalosis
Answer: kidneys retain H+ ions, use a rebreather mask or paper bag,
sedatives, monitor respiratory rate/depth, tachycardia, low BP, serum K+
levels/ECG levels, hydration status I/O, check for toxicities
●● metabolic acidosis
Answer: low ph, normal co2 and low bicarbonate
●● metabolic acidosis signs/symptoms
Answer: compensatory hyperventilation (kussmaul respirations),
headache, decreased BP, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm/flushed
skin, N/D/V, changes in LOC,
●● causes of metabolic acidosis
Answer: low ph/low bicarbonate, diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, sepsis,
severe diarrhea, and renal failure
●● what goes up in acidosis
Answer: potassium
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● pH
Answer: 7.35-7.45
●● low pH
Answer: acidic
●● high pH
Answer: alkalosis
●● pa CO2
Answer: 35-45 mm Hg
●● HCO3
Answer: 22-26 mEq/L
●● respiratory acidosis
Answer: low pH, high co2, normal bicarbonate
●● causes of respiratory acidosis
,Answer: respiratory depression from anesthesia, overdose, increased
intracranial pressure, airway obstruction from decreased alveolar
capillary diffusion like pneumonia, COPD, ARDS, AND PE
●● signs/symptoms of respiratory acidosis
Answer: hypoventilation (hypoxia), rapid, shallow respirations, decrease
in BP, skin/mucous pale to cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia,
dysrhythmias, drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation, muscle weakness,
hyperreflexia
●● Nursing management of respiratory acidosis
Answer: ventilator, arterial blood gas, low-dose oxygen in chronic
conditions, high-dose oxygen in acute hypoxia with acidosis, I/O,
promote the release of CO2, turn/cough/deep breathe, assume semi-high
fowlers position, clear respiratory secretions, colors of skin, mucous
membranes
●● respiratory alkalosis
Answer: high pH, low co2 and normal bicarbonate
●● causes of respiratory alkalosis
Answer: high pH, low co2 and hyperventilation, initial stages of
pulmonary emboli, hypoxia, fever, pregnancy, high altitudes, and anxiety
●● signs/symptoms of respiratory alkalosis
, Answer: seizures, deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia,
decrease BP, hypokalemia, numbness/tingling in extremities,
lethargy/confusion, light headedness, N/V
●● nursing management of respiratory alkalosis
Answer: kidneys retain H+ ions, use a rebreather mask or paper bag,
sedatives, monitor respiratory rate/depth, tachycardia, low BP, serum K+
levels/ECG levels, hydration status I/O, check for toxicities
●● metabolic acidosis
Answer: low ph, normal co2 and low bicarbonate
●● metabolic acidosis signs/symptoms
Answer: compensatory hyperventilation (kussmaul respirations),
headache, decreased BP, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm/flushed
skin, N/D/V, changes in LOC,
●● causes of metabolic acidosis
Answer: low ph/low bicarbonate, diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, sepsis,
severe diarrhea, and renal failure
●● what goes up in acidosis
Answer: potassium
