WGU C190 INTRODUCTION TO
BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which component of a controlled experiment is deliberately changed by the researcher to
observe its effect?
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Controlled variable
D. Hypothesis
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or
changed by the scientist to test its effects on the dependent variable.
2. In the hierarchy of biological organization, which level consists of multiple tissues working
together to perform a specific function?
A. Cell
B. Organism
,C. Organ
D. Population
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: An organ is a collection of tissues that structurally form a
functional unit specialized to perform a particular function.
3. Which type of chemical bond involves the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms,
resulting in partial charges?
A. Nonpolar covalent bond
B. Polar covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Ionic bond
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Polar covalent bonds occur when atoms with different
electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating partial positive and negative poles.
4. Water’s high specific heat is primarily a result of which property?
A. Adhesion
B. Ionic attraction
C. Covalent bonding
, D. Hydrogen bonding
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hydrogen bonds absorb heat when they break and release heat
when they form, which minimizes temperature changes in water.
5. A solution with a pH of 3 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6?
A. 2 times
B. 30 times
C. 100 times
D. 1000 times
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The pH scale is logarithmic; each unit represents a 10-fold
change. Moving from 6 to 3 is three units (10 x 10 x 10 = 1000).
6. Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for long-term energy storage in animals?
A. Glycogen
B. Starch
C. Cellulose
D. Triglycerides
Answer: D
BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which component of a controlled experiment is deliberately changed by the researcher to
observe its effect?
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Controlled variable
D. Hypothesis
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or
changed by the scientist to test its effects on the dependent variable.
2. In the hierarchy of biological organization, which level consists of multiple tissues working
together to perform a specific function?
A. Cell
B. Organism
,C. Organ
D. Population
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: An organ is a collection of tissues that structurally form a
functional unit specialized to perform a particular function.
3. Which type of chemical bond involves the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms,
resulting in partial charges?
A. Nonpolar covalent bond
B. Polar covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Ionic bond
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Polar covalent bonds occur when atoms with different
electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating partial positive and negative poles.
4. Water’s high specific heat is primarily a result of which property?
A. Adhesion
B. Ionic attraction
C. Covalent bonding
, D. Hydrogen bonding
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hydrogen bonds absorb heat when they break and release heat
when they form, which minimizes temperature changes in water.
5. A solution with a pH of 3 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6?
A. 2 times
B. 30 times
C. 100 times
D. 1000 times
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The pH scale is logarithmic; each unit represents a 10-fold
change. Moving from 6 to 3 is three units (10 x 10 x 10 = 1000).
6. Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for long-term energy storage in animals?
A. Glycogen
B. Starch
C. Cellulose
D. Triglycerides
Answer: D
