ARDMS ABDOMEN CORRECT EXAMS ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔in cases of massive ascites this will also be present - ✔✔respiratory distress
✔✔fluid accumulations in order in the supine patient (5 areas) - ✔✔inferior tip (right lobe
liver), superior portion (right flank), pelvic cul-de-sac, right paracolic gutter (lateral and
anterior to liver), Morrison's pouch
✔✔encased collection of pus - ✔✔abscess
✔✔this type of abscess is associated with cholangitis, sepsis, and penetrating trauma to
the liver - ✔✔intrahepatic
✔✔this type of abscess is associated with cholecystectomy - ✔✔subhepatic
✔✔this type of abscess is associated with bacterial spill into peritoneum, bowel rupture,
peptic ulcer perforation, trauma - ✔✔subphrenic
✔✔how to tell the difference between ascites and abscess - ✔✔move the patient erect,
ascites will move to the dependent portion
✔✔what are the three areas of the retroperitoneum - ✔✔anterior perirenal space,
perirenal space, posterior perirenal space
✔✔what organs lie in the anterior perirenal space - ✔✔retroperitoneal portion of the
intestines and the pancreas
✔✔what organs lie in the perirenal space - ✔✔kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, aorta,
IVC, retroperitoneal nodes
,✔✔what organs lie in the posterior perirenal space - ✔✔posterior abdominal wall,
iliopsoas muscle, quadratus muscle
✔✔originates from fat, has complex echogenic pattern with thick walls - ✔✔liposarcoma
✔✔originates from connective tissue, has complex sonolucent pattern, invading
surrounding tissues - ✔✔fibrosarcoma
✔✔originates from muscle, occurs as a solid, complex, or homogeneous echogenic
mass, invading surrounding tissue - ✔✔rhabdomyosarcoma
✔✔originates from smooth muscle, occurs as a complex echodense mass that may
have areas of necrosis and cystic degeneration - ✔✔leiomyosarcoma
✔✔originates from all three germ cell layers, most occur in the area of the upper pole of
the left kidney, 90% are benign, complex with echogenic and cystic areas, 50% occur in
children - ✔✔teratoma
✔✔originate from nerve tissue and occur mostly in the paravertebral region,
heterogeneous and echogenic - ✔✔neurogenic tumor
✔✔formation of thick sheets of connective tissue extending from the perirenal space to
the dome of the bladder - ✔✔retroperitoneal fibrosis
✔✔lymphatic vessels assist these vessels - ✔✔veins
✔✔lymphocytes and reticulum cells make up - ✔✔lymph nodes
✔✔two functions of the lymph nodes - ✔✔filtration and production of lymphocytes and
antibodies
✔✔normal lymph node size - ✔✔less than 1 cm
✔✔enlarged nodes posterior to the aorta or will displace the great vessels away from
the spine - ✔✔floating aorta sign
✔✔nodes that surround the mesenteric vessels - ✔✔sandwich sign
✔✔anterior renal displacement, anterior dilated ureter displacement, anterior
displacement of the retroperitoneal fat ventrally and often cranially, anterior vascular
displacement are characteristics of a mass located... - ✔✔in the retroperitoneum
, ✔✔a 2-year old boy presents with hematuria and a palpable left flank mass. An
ultrasound examination is performed, and a solid renal mass is identified. This finding is
most characteristic of which of the following choices?
hypernephroma, wilm's tumor, neuroblastoma, infantile polycystic kidney disease, renal
infarction - ✔✔Wilm's tumor
✔✔a patient presents with ampulla of Vater obstruction, distension of the gallbladder,
and painless jaundice. this is associated with which of the following choices?
hydropic gallbladder, choledochal cyst, courvoisers sign, hartmann's pouch, kehrs sign -
✔✔courvoisiers sign
✔✔long standing cystic duct obstruction will give rise to which of the following?
porcelain gallbladder, hydropic gallbladder, septated gallbladder, gallbladder septations,
gallbladder contraction - ✔✔hydropic gallbladder
✔✔while performing an ultrasound examination, the sonographer finds that both
kidneys measure 5 cm in length. They are very echogenic. One should consider the
possibility of all of the following except:
chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, renal vasular disease, renal vein
thrombosis - ✔✔renal vein thrombosis
✔✔a common cause of acute pyelonephritis?
hypertension, pyogenic bacteria, renal cell carcinoma, hydronephrosis - ✔✔pyogenic
bacteria
✔✔the largest zone of the prostate?
peripheral zone, transiton zone, periurethral zone, central zone - ✔✔peripheral zone
✔✔diffuse thickening of the gallbladder wall can be seen sonographically in all of the
following except:
acute cholecystitis, hepatitis, congestive heart failure, ascites, portal hypertension -
✔✔portal hypertension
✔✔adult polycystic kidney disease may be characterized by all of the following except:
it is autosomal dominant disease, it may be associated with cysts in the liver pancreas
and spleen, bilateral small and echogenic kidneys, usually does not produce any
symptoms until the third or fourth decade of life, the kidneys lose their reniform shape -
✔✔bilateral small and echogenic kidneys
✔✔a patient in the late stages of sickle cell anemia will have a spleen that is:
enlarged and lobulated, enlarged and echogenic, small and hypoechoic, small and
echogenic - ✔✔small and echogenic
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔in cases of massive ascites this will also be present - ✔✔respiratory distress
✔✔fluid accumulations in order in the supine patient (5 areas) - ✔✔inferior tip (right lobe
liver), superior portion (right flank), pelvic cul-de-sac, right paracolic gutter (lateral and
anterior to liver), Morrison's pouch
✔✔encased collection of pus - ✔✔abscess
✔✔this type of abscess is associated with cholangitis, sepsis, and penetrating trauma to
the liver - ✔✔intrahepatic
✔✔this type of abscess is associated with cholecystectomy - ✔✔subhepatic
✔✔this type of abscess is associated with bacterial spill into peritoneum, bowel rupture,
peptic ulcer perforation, trauma - ✔✔subphrenic
✔✔how to tell the difference between ascites and abscess - ✔✔move the patient erect,
ascites will move to the dependent portion
✔✔what are the three areas of the retroperitoneum - ✔✔anterior perirenal space,
perirenal space, posterior perirenal space
✔✔what organs lie in the anterior perirenal space - ✔✔retroperitoneal portion of the
intestines and the pancreas
✔✔what organs lie in the perirenal space - ✔✔kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, aorta,
IVC, retroperitoneal nodes
,✔✔what organs lie in the posterior perirenal space - ✔✔posterior abdominal wall,
iliopsoas muscle, quadratus muscle
✔✔originates from fat, has complex echogenic pattern with thick walls - ✔✔liposarcoma
✔✔originates from connective tissue, has complex sonolucent pattern, invading
surrounding tissues - ✔✔fibrosarcoma
✔✔originates from muscle, occurs as a solid, complex, or homogeneous echogenic
mass, invading surrounding tissue - ✔✔rhabdomyosarcoma
✔✔originates from smooth muscle, occurs as a complex echodense mass that may
have areas of necrosis and cystic degeneration - ✔✔leiomyosarcoma
✔✔originates from all three germ cell layers, most occur in the area of the upper pole of
the left kidney, 90% are benign, complex with echogenic and cystic areas, 50% occur in
children - ✔✔teratoma
✔✔originate from nerve tissue and occur mostly in the paravertebral region,
heterogeneous and echogenic - ✔✔neurogenic tumor
✔✔formation of thick sheets of connective tissue extending from the perirenal space to
the dome of the bladder - ✔✔retroperitoneal fibrosis
✔✔lymphatic vessels assist these vessels - ✔✔veins
✔✔lymphocytes and reticulum cells make up - ✔✔lymph nodes
✔✔two functions of the lymph nodes - ✔✔filtration and production of lymphocytes and
antibodies
✔✔normal lymph node size - ✔✔less than 1 cm
✔✔enlarged nodes posterior to the aorta or will displace the great vessels away from
the spine - ✔✔floating aorta sign
✔✔nodes that surround the mesenteric vessels - ✔✔sandwich sign
✔✔anterior renal displacement, anterior dilated ureter displacement, anterior
displacement of the retroperitoneal fat ventrally and often cranially, anterior vascular
displacement are characteristics of a mass located... - ✔✔in the retroperitoneum
, ✔✔a 2-year old boy presents with hematuria and a palpable left flank mass. An
ultrasound examination is performed, and a solid renal mass is identified. This finding is
most characteristic of which of the following choices?
hypernephroma, wilm's tumor, neuroblastoma, infantile polycystic kidney disease, renal
infarction - ✔✔Wilm's tumor
✔✔a patient presents with ampulla of Vater obstruction, distension of the gallbladder,
and painless jaundice. this is associated with which of the following choices?
hydropic gallbladder, choledochal cyst, courvoisers sign, hartmann's pouch, kehrs sign -
✔✔courvoisiers sign
✔✔long standing cystic duct obstruction will give rise to which of the following?
porcelain gallbladder, hydropic gallbladder, septated gallbladder, gallbladder septations,
gallbladder contraction - ✔✔hydropic gallbladder
✔✔while performing an ultrasound examination, the sonographer finds that both
kidneys measure 5 cm in length. They are very echogenic. One should consider the
possibility of all of the following except:
chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, renal vasular disease, renal vein
thrombosis - ✔✔renal vein thrombosis
✔✔a common cause of acute pyelonephritis?
hypertension, pyogenic bacteria, renal cell carcinoma, hydronephrosis - ✔✔pyogenic
bacteria
✔✔the largest zone of the prostate?
peripheral zone, transiton zone, periurethral zone, central zone - ✔✔peripheral zone
✔✔diffuse thickening of the gallbladder wall can be seen sonographically in all of the
following except:
acute cholecystitis, hepatitis, congestive heart failure, ascites, portal hypertension -
✔✔portal hypertension
✔✔adult polycystic kidney disease may be characterized by all of the following except:
it is autosomal dominant disease, it may be associated with cysts in the liver pancreas
and spleen, bilateral small and echogenic kidneys, usually does not produce any
symptoms until the third or fourth decade of life, the kidneys lose their reniform shape -
✔✔bilateral small and echogenic kidneys
✔✔a patient in the late stages of sickle cell anemia will have a spleen that is:
enlarged and lobulated, enlarged and echogenic, small and hypoechoic, small and
echogenic - ✔✔small and echogenic
