Page 1 of 48
BIO 1100 EXAM 2 PRACTICE –
COMPREHENSIVE 2026 COMPLETE (125)
CURRENT TESTING QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES.
BIO
Prepare for the BIO 1100 Exam 2 Practice with focused review materials
covering cell biology, genetics, DNA replication, transcription and
translation, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, evolution, ecology,
biological molecules, enzyme function, and fundamental principles of
organismal biology. Designed to build confidence in interpreting
biological processes, analyzing experimental data, and applying
foundational biology principles in academic assessments. Suitable for
biology students and candidates preparing for the BIO 1100 Exam 2
Practice examination.
Multiple choice.
SECTION 1: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (Questions 1–20)
1. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins
destined for secretion from the cell?
A. Mitochondria
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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Rationale: The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded
with ribosomes and is the site of protein synthesis, especially
for proteins that are destined for secretion or for incorporation
into the plasma membrane.
2. Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is responsible for
intracellular digestion?
A. Peroxisome
B. Lysosome
C. Ribosome
D. Vacuole
Correct answer: B. Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles
containing digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes that break down
macromolecules, cellular waste, and pathogens. They are often
called the "cell's garbage disposal."
3. Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
A. Protein synthesis
B. ATP production
C. Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins
D. Lipid synthesis
Correct answer: C. Modification, sorting, and packaging of
proteins
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins and lipids received from the ER for transport to their
final destinations (secretion, lysosomes, plasma membrane).
4. The plasma membrane is composed primarily of:
A. A phospholipid bilayer and proteins
B. A monolayer of phospholipids
C. Only proteins
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D. Carbohydrates and nucleic acids
Correct answer: A. A phospholipid bilayer and proteins
Rationale: The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with
embedded proteins. The phospholipid bilayer provides the
basic structure, and proteins carry out functions such as
transport, signaling, and cell adhesion.
5. Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration and ATP
production?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Chloroplast
Correct answer: C. Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell,
generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation during
cellular respiration. Chloroplasts are involved in
photosynthesis in plant cells.
6. Which of the following is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in
eukaryotic cells?
A. Ribosomes
B. Nucleus
C. Plasma membrane
D. Nucleoid region
Correct answer: D. Nucleoid region
Rationale: Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus
and have a nucleoid region where the DNA is concentrated.
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus. Both have ribosomes and
plasma membranes.
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7. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from
an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute
concentration is called:
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion
Correct answer: B. Osmosis
Rationale: Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a
selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute
concentration (higher water concentration) to an area of higher
solute concentration (lower water concentration).
8. Which of the following requires energy (ATP) to move substances
across the plasma membrane?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
Correct answer: D. Active transport
Rationale: Active transport moves substances against their
concentration gradient (from low to high) and requires energy in
the form of ATP. Simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated
diffusion are passive processes that do not require energy.
9. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and
detoxification of drugs?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
BIO 1100 EXAM 2 PRACTICE –
COMPREHENSIVE 2026 COMPLETE (125)
CURRENT TESTING QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES.
BIO
Prepare for the BIO 1100 Exam 2 Practice with focused review materials
covering cell biology, genetics, DNA replication, transcription and
translation, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, evolution, ecology,
biological molecules, enzyme function, and fundamental principles of
organismal biology. Designed to build confidence in interpreting
biological processes, analyzing experimental data, and applying
foundational biology principles in academic assessments. Suitable for
biology students and candidates preparing for the BIO 1100 Exam 2
Practice examination.
Multiple choice.
SECTION 1: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (Questions 1–20)
1. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins
destined for secretion from the cell?
A. Mitochondria
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
, Page 2 of 48
Rationale: The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded
with ribosomes and is the site of protein synthesis, especially
for proteins that are destined for secretion or for incorporation
into the plasma membrane.
2. Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is responsible for
intracellular digestion?
A. Peroxisome
B. Lysosome
C. Ribosome
D. Vacuole
Correct answer: B. Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles
containing digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes that break down
macromolecules, cellular waste, and pathogens. They are often
called the "cell's garbage disposal."
3. Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
A. Protein synthesis
B. ATP production
C. Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins
D. Lipid synthesis
Correct answer: C. Modification, sorting, and packaging of
proteins
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins and lipids received from the ER for transport to their
final destinations (secretion, lysosomes, plasma membrane).
4. The plasma membrane is composed primarily of:
A. A phospholipid bilayer and proteins
B. A monolayer of phospholipids
C. Only proteins
, Page 3 of 48
D. Carbohydrates and nucleic acids
Correct answer: A. A phospholipid bilayer and proteins
Rationale: The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with
embedded proteins. The phospholipid bilayer provides the
basic structure, and proteins carry out functions such as
transport, signaling, and cell adhesion.
5. Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration and ATP
production?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Chloroplast
Correct answer: C. Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell,
generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation during
cellular respiration. Chloroplasts are involved in
photosynthesis in plant cells.
6. Which of the following is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in
eukaryotic cells?
A. Ribosomes
B. Nucleus
C. Plasma membrane
D. Nucleoid region
Correct answer: D. Nucleoid region
Rationale: Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus
and have a nucleoid region where the DNA is concentrated.
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus. Both have ribosomes and
plasma membranes.
, Page 4 of 48
7. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from
an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute
concentration is called:
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion
Correct answer: B. Osmosis
Rationale: Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a
selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute
concentration (higher water concentration) to an area of higher
solute concentration (lower water concentration).
8. Which of the following requires energy (ATP) to move substances
across the plasma membrane?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
Correct answer: D. Active transport
Rationale: Active transport moves substances against their
concentration gradient (from low to high) and requires energy in
the form of ATP. Simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated
diffusion are passive processes that do not require energy.
9. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and
detoxification of drugs?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
