UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (8TH
EDITION, HUETHER & MCCANCE)|150
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS AND RATIONALES
---
SECTION 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY (Questions 1-18)
Q1. Which statement best describes the function of integral membrane
proteins?
A) They reside only on the cell surface and act as peripheral markers
B) They float freely within the fluid lipid bilayer and perform various
functions
C) They are synthesized within the nucleus and transported to the
membrane
D) They function exclusively as cell adhesion molecules
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Integral membrane proteins are embedded within and float freely
in the fluid lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. They perform diverse
functions including transport, enzymatic activity, and signal transduction.
Peripheral membrane proteins, in contrast, are not embedded but reside at
the surface. Glycoproteins act as cell surface markers, while cell adhesion
,molecules allow cells to hook together, but these represent specific
subtypes rather than the complete description of integral membrane
proteins .
---
Q2. A nurse is explaining cellular metabolism to a patient. Which substance
does each enzyme have a high affinity for?
A) Solute
B) Substrate
C) Receptor
D) Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Each enzyme has a high affinity for its specific substrate—the
particular substance that is converted to a product during the enzymatic
reaction. This specificity is fundamental to enzyme function in cellular
metabolism. Enzymes do not have high affinity for solutes generally,
receptors (which are binding sites for ligands), or ribosomes (which are
involved in protein synthesis) .
---
,Q3. After running a marathon, an athlete experiences muscle fatigue and
inability to contract. The nurse explains this results from a deficiency of
which molecule?
A) GTP
B) AMP
C) ATP
D) GMP
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy source for
muscle contraction. When ATP is depleted, impaired muscle contraction
results. GTP is involved in protein synthesis and signal transduction, AMP
is a nucleotide involved in energy metabolism but is not the direct energy
source for contraction, and GMP is a nucleotide involved in cellular
signaling .
---
Q4. A patient's lab report indicates a body fluid osmolality of 300 mOsm/kg.
What does this measurement reflect?
A) The concentration of solutes per liter of solution
B) The concentration of solutes per kilogram of water
C) The force required to prevent water movement across a membrane
D) The pressure exerted by plasma proteins
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osmolality measures the concentration of solutes per kilogram
of water (solvent). In contrast, osmolarity measures solutes per liter of
solution. Osmotic pressure is the force required to prevent water
movement, and oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is specifically
the osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins .
---
Q5. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer.
What finding would support the diagnosis of metastasis?
A) Increased collagen production
B) Decreased fibronectin levels
C) Increased elastin production
D) Increased glycoproteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced amounts of fibronectin are found in some types of
cancerous cells, which allows cancer cells to metastasize (travel to distant
sites). Collagen provides tissue strength; its breakdown is associated with
osteoarthritis, not cancer. Elastin allows tissues to stretch and is not
associated with cancerous cells. Decreased, not increased, glycoproteins
are associated with cancerous cells .
EDITION, HUETHER & MCCANCE)|150
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS AND RATIONALES
---
SECTION 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY (Questions 1-18)
Q1. Which statement best describes the function of integral membrane
proteins?
A) They reside only on the cell surface and act as peripheral markers
B) They float freely within the fluid lipid bilayer and perform various
functions
C) They are synthesized within the nucleus and transported to the
membrane
D) They function exclusively as cell adhesion molecules
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Integral membrane proteins are embedded within and float freely
in the fluid lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. They perform diverse
functions including transport, enzymatic activity, and signal transduction.
Peripheral membrane proteins, in contrast, are not embedded but reside at
the surface. Glycoproteins act as cell surface markers, while cell adhesion
,molecules allow cells to hook together, but these represent specific
subtypes rather than the complete description of integral membrane
proteins .
---
Q2. A nurse is explaining cellular metabolism to a patient. Which substance
does each enzyme have a high affinity for?
A) Solute
B) Substrate
C) Receptor
D) Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Each enzyme has a high affinity for its specific substrate—the
particular substance that is converted to a product during the enzymatic
reaction. This specificity is fundamental to enzyme function in cellular
metabolism. Enzymes do not have high affinity for solutes generally,
receptors (which are binding sites for ligands), or ribosomes (which are
involved in protein synthesis) .
---
,Q3. After running a marathon, an athlete experiences muscle fatigue and
inability to contract. The nurse explains this results from a deficiency of
which molecule?
A) GTP
B) AMP
C) ATP
D) GMP
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy source for
muscle contraction. When ATP is depleted, impaired muscle contraction
results. GTP is involved in protein synthesis and signal transduction, AMP
is a nucleotide involved in energy metabolism but is not the direct energy
source for contraction, and GMP is a nucleotide involved in cellular
signaling .
---
Q4. A patient's lab report indicates a body fluid osmolality of 300 mOsm/kg.
What does this measurement reflect?
A) The concentration of solutes per liter of solution
B) The concentration of solutes per kilogram of water
C) The force required to prevent water movement across a membrane
D) The pressure exerted by plasma proteins
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osmolality measures the concentration of solutes per kilogram
of water (solvent). In contrast, osmolarity measures solutes per liter of
solution. Osmotic pressure is the force required to prevent water
movement, and oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is specifically
the osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins .
---
Q5. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer.
What finding would support the diagnosis of metastasis?
A) Increased collagen production
B) Decreased fibronectin levels
C) Increased elastin production
D) Increased glycoproteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced amounts of fibronectin are found in some types of
cancerous cells, which allows cancer cells to metastasize (travel to distant
sites). Collagen provides tissue strength; its breakdown is associated with
osteoarthritis, not cancer. Elastin allows tissues to stretch and is not
associated with cancerous cells. Decreased, not increased, glycoproteins
are associated with cancerous cells .
