PSY 352-EXAM 1 questions with answers

PSY 352-EXAM 1 questions with
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answers


What is personality? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a. An
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individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, acting and
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feeling


How would you describe the traits vs. situationism
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debate? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Situationism: view of
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personality that view behavior as a function of the
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situation, not internal traits. "multiple selves"
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-Traits: intuitive appeal of perspective
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psychoanalytic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔unconscious |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



forces


trait - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔stable, defining
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characteristics


biological - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔inherited
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predispositions, physiological processes |\ |\




humanistic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔self actualization,
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growth

,behavioral - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔conditions, learned |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



expectations


cognitive - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔information processing
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What is self-report data, and what are its strengths and
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weaknesses? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ask someone |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



about themselves ( 20 statement test)
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Strengths: access to info others don't have (anxiety, self-
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esteem, goals) |\




Weaknesses: do people have accurate self knowledge and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



will they be honest
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How does social desirability influence the validity of self-
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report data? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It is the tendency
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to answer in attractive/likable ways (lying, distorted, self-
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perception). You can control this by using a forced |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



questionnaire. Ex: Crownes marlow scale. Do you like soft |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



or crunchy food?
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What is observer-report data, and what are its strengths
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and weaknesses? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ask someone
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else about that person
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,Strengths: access to info not available to person, multiple
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perspective
Weaknesses: biased by own personality experiences with |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



a person
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What is test data, and what are its strengths and
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weaknesses? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Puts people in |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



identical situation |\ |\




Strengths: controlled situation, allows hypothesis testing
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Weaknesses: possibility of participants, researcher bias |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




What is life-outcome data, and what are its strengths and
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weaknesses? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Examines life |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



events (marriage, divorce, jobs) Use S & O data to predict
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L data
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What does it mean to say that a psychological measure is
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reliable, valid, and generalizable? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Reliability: consistent results |\ |\




Valid: measures what it claims to measure
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Generalization: applies to whole population |\ |\ |\ |\




What is descriptive research, and what are its strengths
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and weaknesses? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In-depth
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examination of an individuals personality |\ |\ |\ |\ |\

, Strengths: lots of detail, good source for ideas to test in
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larger groups |\




Weaknesses: low generalization |\ |\




What is a correlation? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Is the
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measure of how closely related 2 variables are (how much
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they predict one another)
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Strengths: demonstrates covariation, easy to do, low cost,
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when a variable cannot be manipulated
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Weaknesses: correlation does not imply causation |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




3rd variable problem
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Correlation coefficient - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Statistic|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



between -1 and +1 that indicates direction and size of
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correlation


What is the difference between positive, negative, and
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zero correlations? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Positive:
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increase in 1 variable predicts increase in other (height &
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weight, health & income level, studying & GPA)
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-Negative: increase in 1 variable predicts decrease in
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other (self-esteem and depression)
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-Zero: no predictive relationship
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