Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology Chapters 5-7 Exam Prep
A ____________ is an organism that can cause infection pathogen
even in people with a strong immune system
Define secondary infections (superinfection) A yeast infection that occurs after antibiotic therapy
Superinfections can result from giving _____________ & antifungals & corticosteroids
____________ together
What is cross sensitivity? Sensitivity to drugs of similar class/structures/mechanism of action
Define bactericidal drugs with mechanisms of action that kill bacteria
Define bacteriostatic drugs with mechanisms of action that only suppress or slow bacterial growth
What is a drug generation? A drug generation is a version of a drug class developed at a later time that
improves on earlier ones by being more effective, safer, or having fewer side
effects
Define anaerobic bacteria Bacteria that do not need oxygen to grow and survive, therefore do not live in the
presence of oxygen
Define aerobic bacteria Bacteria that needs and grows in the presence of oxygen
C-diff is commonly associated with which antibiotic amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium
What is the condition called when the colon is pseudomembranous colitis, caused by C. diff
damaged/inflamed due to chronic antibiotic use?
____________ may be provided during antibiotic therapy Probiotics
to prevent secondary yeast infections
Natural probiotics (beneficial bacteria) can be found in - pickles
what foods? - sauerkraut
- yogurt
- miso soup
- dark chocolate
Define prophylaxis preventing infection
If the patient develops a rash or itching in response to an immediately report it to the HCP
antibiotic what should be nurse or patient do?
, Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology Chapters 5-7 Exam Prep
What is an empirical RX? Prescribing a drug before identifying the specific organism based on the
prescribers expertise
What is culture and sensitivity? Sampling a bacterial site and testing it against different antibiotics to determine
what drugs are most effective in treating that particular organism.
What is spectrum of activity? the number of specific organisms a drug is effective against
What is meant by therapeutic blood levels? blood plasma or serum concentration level usually expected to achieve the
desired therapeutic outcome
What is the problem when giving antacids at same time can cause decreased absorption of the drug
as antibiotics?
What is the most common side effect of anti-infective diarrhea, because the anti-infective reduces the amount of normal flora in the gut
therapy?
Even though diarrhea is a common side effect of if there is excessive watery and bloody diarrhea with sever abdominal pain and
antibiotic therapy, when should the provider be notified fever
about this symptom?
__________ refers to the highest level of serum Peak
concentration of a drug
__________ refers to the lowest level of serum Trough
concentration of a drug
When to use Z-Track; I.M. technique when giving penicillins & cephalosporins
What antibiotic group has a risk for jaundice? Macrolides
What antibiotics are cell wall synthesis inhibitors? - penicillins
- cephalosporins
- vancomycin
- carbapenems
What drugs cause sun sensitivity? - tetracyclines
- macrolides
- sulfonamides
Describe allergy vs anaphylaxis - an allergic reaction is the immune system's overreaction to an allergen
- anaphylaxis is a severe and serious allergic reaction
- an allergic reaction usually only affects one body system
- anaphylaxis typically involves more than one body system
Possible nursing interventions for anaphylaxis - protect airway!
- someone stay with patient
- call rapid response team
- O2 nonrebreather 90-100%
- Medications: Epinephrine, corticosteroids, diphenhydramine
- have crash cart available
- emergency intubation or trach if airway is lost
A ____________ is an organism that can cause infection pathogen
even in people with a strong immune system
Define secondary infections (superinfection) A yeast infection that occurs after antibiotic therapy
Superinfections can result from giving _____________ & antifungals & corticosteroids
____________ together
What is cross sensitivity? Sensitivity to drugs of similar class/structures/mechanism of action
Define bactericidal drugs with mechanisms of action that kill bacteria
Define bacteriostatic drugs with mechanisms of action that only suppress or slow bacterial growth
What is a drug generation? A drug generation is a version of a drug class developed at a later time that
improves on earlier ones by being more effective, safer, or having fewer side
effects
Define anaerobic bacteria Bacteria that do not need oxygen to grow and survive, therefore do not live in the
presence of oxygen
Define aerobic bacteria Bacteria that needs and grows in the presence of oxygen
C-diff is commonly associated with which antibiotic amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium
What is the condition called when the colon is pseudomembranous colitis, caused by C. diff
damaged/inflamed due to chronic antibiotic use?
____________ may be provided during antibiotic therapy Probiotics
to prevent secondary yeast infections
Natural probiotics (beneficial bacteria) can be found in - pickles
what foods? - sauerkraut
- yogurt
- miso soup
- dark chocolate
Define prophylaxis preventing infection
If the patient develops a rash or itching in response to an immediately report it to the HCP
antibiotic what should be nurse or patient do?
, Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology Chapters 5-7 Exam Prep
What is an empirical RX? Prescribing a drug before identifying the specific organism based on the
prescribers expertise
What is culture and sensitivity? Sampling a bacterial site and testing it against different antibiotics to determine
what drugs are most effective in treating that particular organism.
What is spectrum of activity? the number of specific organisms a drug is effective against
What is meant by therapeutic blood levels? blood plasma or serum concentration level usually expected to achieve the
desired therapeutic outcome
What is the problem when giving antacids at same time can cause decreased absorption of the drug
as antibiotics?
What is the most common side effect of anti-infective diarrhea, because the anti-infective reduces the amount of normal flora in the gut
therapy?
Even though diarrhea is a common side effect of if there is excessive watery and bloody diarrhea with sever abdominal pain and
antibiotic therapy, when should the provider be notified fever
about this symptom?
__________ refers to the highest level of serum Peak
concentration of a drug
__________ refers to the lowest level of serum Trough
concentration of a drug
When to use Z-Track; I.M. technique when giving penicillins & cephalosporins
What antibiotic group has a risk for jaundice? Macrolides
What antibiotics are cell wall synthesis inhibitors? - penicillins
- cephalosporins
- vancomycin
- carbapenems
What drugs cause sun sensitivity? - tetracyclines
- macrolides
- sulfonamides
Describe allergy vs anaphylaxis - an allergic reaction is the immune system's overreaction to an allergen
- anaphylaxis is a severe and serious allergic reaction
- an allergic reaction usually only affects one body system
- anaphylaxis typically involves more than one body system
Possible nursing interventions for anaphylaxis - protect airway!
- someone stay with patient
- call rapid response team
- O2 nonrebreather 90-100%
- Medications: Epinephrine, corticosteroids, diphenhydramine
- have crash cart available
- emergency intubation or trach if airway is lost
