GCU 325 Reading Quiz 2 Questions & Answers | Geography of Europe | Arizona State University (ASU) | Complete 2026–2027 Review.

GCU 325 Reading Quiz 2 1. What is the major debate in Europe regarding population policy today? A. Aging B. Immigration C. Early retirement D. Low total fertility rates (TFRs) E. Longer life expectancies 2. Undocumented migrants from North Africa have come across the Mediterranean for years, with many overloaded boats foundering and the occupants drowning as they attempted to reach Italy. Landed migrants hope to move to ____, or further north into Europe. A. Rome or Naples B. Milan or Turin C. Bologna or Parma D. Genoa or Pisa E. Florence or Venice 3. There is resistance to raising the retirement age in ____ where state pensions can be taken before 60. A. Britain and Belgium B. France and Portugal C. Germany and Poland D. Italy and Greece E. Spain and Austria 4. Robert Malthus fearfully wrote about population growth during Europe's big population boom (in the late 18th and early 19th centuries). According to Malthus, while food supply increases ____ (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.), population, on the other hand, increases ____ (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.). A. Geometrically / arithmetically B. Dramatically / exponentially C. Gradually / substantially D. Substantially / gradually E. Arithmetically / geometrically 5. Today Europe contains approximately ____ million inhabitants. A. 580 B. 740 C. 660 D. 870 E. 920 6. Worldwide, the ____ of 1918–1919 killed more people than had died in World War I. A. Holocaust B. Black Death C. Anthrax epidemic D. Asian whooping cough E. Spanish flu 7. During World War II, around 6 million ____ died in World War II. A. Greeks B. Albanians C. Yugoslavians D. Czechoslovakians E. Ukrainians 8. Birth and death rates are low with deaths sometimes exceeding births, and the population slowly declines. This is seen in Phase ____ of the demographic transition. A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 5 E. 2 9. In the 19th century growing industrial cities did not provide clean drinking water and sewage disposal. Dysentery was common and outbreaks of ____ as in North American cities, increased urban death rates. A. Cholera B. Typhus C. Influenza D. Malaria E. Smallpox 10. The smoking ____ have higher death rates than the English in today's United Kingdom. A. Welsh B. Pakistani immigrants C. Northern Irish D. Chinese immigrants E. Scots 11. Urbanization allowed young people to leave rural areas where the age of marriage was often relatively high because marriage was discouraged until the male had access to: A. Transportation B. Farmland C. Bank loans D. Contraception E. The family's money 12. The lowest TFRs (total fertility rates) in Europe are in ____ at 1.4, and in ____ at 1.3 (a TFR needs to be over 2 for a population to replace itself). Overall, Europe has a 1.6 TFR, as does Eastern Europe. A. France / Britain B. The Netherlands / Sweden C. Italy / Spain D. Germany / Greece E. Denmark / Hungary 13. A century ago infant mortality was high in Europe and North America. In Austria and Germany, more than one child in ____ did not survive the first year. The death of children before their fifth birthday was common; most families experienced the trauma. A. Three B. Five C. Seven D. Six E. Four 14. Population densities decline in northern Europe with shorter growing seasons. On the population distribution map, which of the following regions does NOT have low population density? A. The Scandinavian upland B. North-central Germany C. Highlands of Scotland D. Iceland E. Central Wales 15. In France the ____ has generally low population densities. A. Rhone Plain B. Cantabrian Mountains C. Burgundy region D. Massif Central E. Basin of Aquitaine 16. The Thames Basin and the Paris Basin are major agricultural regions but now the populations of London and Paris are fed by ____ food supplies. A. North American and African B. Worldwide C. North and South American D. African and Asian E. Central and eastern European 17. Centrally located Madrid became the capital of Spain in 1561. Summers are hot, winters are cool, and agriculture, in the surrounding region, is poor. But capital status, ____ jobs, the presence of the Royal Court which drew the wealthy, and those seeking other kinds of work in the capital, allowed Madrid to become the largest city in the country. A. Industrial B. University C. Transportation D. Bureaucracy E. Food processing 18. Which is NOT a port in the Mediterranean region? A. Naples B. Genoa C. Barcelona D. Palermo E. Lisbon F. Piraeus G. Marseille 19. Atlantic coast ports tend to be on tidal estuaries. Which city does NOT fit into this category? A. Southampton B. Bordeaux C. Hull D. Genoa E. Bristol F. Lisbon G. Liverpool H. Hamburg I. Antwerp 20. Which country has a high population density at 1,033 people per square mile? A. Denmark B. Germany C. The Netherlands D. France E. Italy 21. Many European countries have ____ population policies, such as tax breaks, child allowances in cash to supplement family income, and paid maternity leave. A. Pronatal B. Distributive C. Antenatal D. Immigrant E. Asylum 22. In the early stages of World War II, Germany expelled a million Poles to open up land for ____ settlement. A. Bavarian B. Hessian C. Thuringian D. Pomeranian E. Nordic 23. Because of border realignments at the end of World War II, Poles were pushed out of eastern Poland as the ____ border moved westward. A. Hungary B. Latvian C. Lithuanian D. Germany E. Ukraine 24. In 1947, the number of UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration) camps exceeded ____ with the organization working to resettle millions of Germans. A. 700 B. 1,100 C. 950 D. 850 E. 1,250 25. Three hundred thousand Jews (from Europe) went to ____ after its establishment in 1948. A. Argentina B. Los Angeles C. The Soviet Union D. Israel E. Canada 26. By 1950 European economies were expanding and labor became scarce. Trains from Sicily and southern Italy were filled with young workers moving north to the cities of ____, and to Germany, where automobile plants needed labor. A. Berlin and Warsaw B. Milan and Turin C. Copenhagen and Stockholm D. Rome and Naples E. London and Paris 27. The new source of migrant labor is eastern Europe, particularly the countries admitted to the EU in: A. 2004 B. 2010 C. 2007 D. 1990 E. 1995 28. The ____, all with a shortage of plumbers and other traditional crafts, saw the advantage of attracting skilled workers. Britain admitted approximately a half a million east Europeans. A. Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland B. United Kingdom, Ireland, and Sweden C. France, Portugal, and The Netherlands D. Denmark, Luxembourg, and Greece E. Spain, Austria, and Italy 29. In 2005 there was public pressure to exclude ____ from France, whereas in Britain they were welcomed as needed skilled laborers. A. Spanish roofers B. Czech electricians C. Slovenian carpet layers/flooring specialists D. Ukrainian auto mechanics E. Polish plumbers 30. The Spanish ____ Islands, in the Atlantic, lie off the northwest coast of Africa, and these islands are a common destination for migrants, who are from Africa but are bound for Europe. A. Madeira B. Madeira C. Canary D. Cape Verde E. Azore 31. West of the ____ (river) and south of the ____ (river) the network of towns in Europe is largely a product of the Roman Empire. A. Rhine / Danube B. Seine / Arno C. Volga / Vistula / Danube D. Seine / Po E. Rhine / Po 32. Which major city in western and central Europe is NOT built on Roman foundations? A. Vienna B. Genoa C. London D. Florence E. Madrid F. Cordoba G. Paris H. Lyon 33. The town of ____ in southern France was built by the Romans as a port to serve the Rhone valley and it is linked to the sea by a canal to avoid the silty distributaries of the Rhone delta. The huge coliseum and theater built during Roman times remain prominent in the landscape of this town. A. Chester B. Lyon C. Genoa D. Arles E. Venice 34. Successful medieval cities like Liverpool, Salisbury, and Hull were created in England in the: A. 800s B. 900s C. 1200s D. 1400s E. 1600s 35. Over a thousand new towns were created in central Europe between ____ A.D. and ____ A.D. A. 1200 / 1400 B. 800 / 900 C. 600 / 1000 D. 1600 / 1700 E. 1100 / 1300 36. The Hanseatic League, an association of trading cities agreeing to common trade rules, started in 1241 when ____ and ____ reached agreement. A. Hamburg / Lubeck B. Helsinki / Riga C. Amsterdam / Copenhagen D. Stockholm / Oslo E. Gdansk / Stettin 37. Other cities, including Bremen, Rostock, Tallinn, and Danzig, joined the Hanseatic League, which was important to Baltic trade, as well as inland centers such as Breslau (Wroclaw) and: A. Milan B. Vilnius C. Budapest D. Krakow E. Berlin F. Vienna G. Prague H. Lvov 38. Between 1348 and 1352, the Black Death spread across Europe, killing ____ percent of the population. A. 30–35 B. 25–30 C. 15–20 D. 20–26 E. 10–15 39. An important institution in rural and urban areas in Europe in the 15th century was the ____, as it influenced many aspects of life, including educational development. A. Transportation system B. Sanitation system C. Roman Empire D. Roman Catholic Church E. Port 40. Elegant houses, imposing municipal buildings, and new architectural features, such as Brunelleschi's cathedral dome, were in the mid-15th century cityscape of: A. Florence B. Naples C. Milan D. Rome E. Sienna 41. With the building of new walls for old towns, ____ were the town planners of the 16th and 17th centuries. A. Stonemasons B. Church priests C. Military engineers D. Market traders E. Farmers 42. In terms of new towns during the Renaissance, Danubian Vienna was refortified after the ____ pushed up the Danube in the 16th century. A. Turks B. Chinese C. Spanish D. Russians E. Mongols 43. St. Peter's Square, in ____, started in 1655 after the old church was knocked down, is an example of a Baroque-style grand central space. A. London B. Rome C. Paris D. Milan E. Vienna 44. In the ____, space was made for parade grounds, plazas, triumphal archways, gardens, and statues. A. Industrial era B. Age of Absolutism C. Renaissance D. Medieval period E. Roman period 45. In the Age of Absolutism in Germany, the city of ____, now restored after World War II bombing, was remodeled with Baroque buildings. A. Mannheim B. Dresden C. Karlsruhe D. Dusseldorf E. Dortmund 46. A resort town in England with its Crescent, Circus, squares, and classically inspired architecture, is: A. Brighton B. Hastings C. Blackpool D. Bath E. Weymouth 47. The medieval castle at ____ was built high on an igneous rock plugging an extinct volcano. Beneath the castle a walled medieval town grew with cramped alleys. Nearby was the royal palace, Holyrood. A. Dublin B. Belfast C. Edinburgh D. Kent E. Cardiff 48. In the early industrial era, there were few large manufacturing operations, but port cities did have shipyards, some capable of building many vessels at once, such as in Venice and: A. Marseilles B. Hamburg C. Bordeaux D. Barcelona E. Athens 49. By the end of the ____ century, some factory operations were water powered, as at various textile mills located in the U.K. A. 17th B. 16th C. 19th D. 20th E. 18th 50. The use of the coal-burning steam engine (developed by James Watt) meant that: A. The older, larger, and established cities could now become manufacturing centers B. Workers who lived near coal fields could migrate to older, larger and established cities long distances from the coalfields C. Manufacturing of railroad cars lagged considerably behind that of manufacturing rail lines D. Towns located on coal fields became manufacturing centers E. Manufacturing facilities could locate anywhere they wanted, as the steam engine was highly portable 51. Workers lived in streets of small row houses lacking running water and sewage disposal. Human excrement was collected and hauled to surrounding fields as fertilizer. Better houses might have a cesspit or a drain that carried wastes to: A. The curbs on the streets B. The back alleys C. An incineration facility D. Nearby factories E. The river 52. In central Europe progress on urban sanitation came later, with much of ____ lacking water and sewage services until the 20th century. A. Prague and Budapest B. Frankfurt and Amsterdam C. Vienna and Berlin D. Milan and Rome E. London and Paris 53. The old housing for workers close to the industrial heart of cities remained occupied until ____ slum clearance schemes demolished the rowhouses and tenements. A. Post-1840s B. Post-World War II C. Post-World War I D. Post-1980s E. Post-1880s 54. The country of ____ has over 10 percent of its GDP derived from agriculture. A. The Netherlands B. Germany C. France D. United Kingdom E. Romania 55. The demand for second homes results in farmhouses and cottages in villages being renovated by those who want a place in the country. Britons, ____ and ____ buy or rent farms in various parts of Europe. A. Irish / French B. Germans / French C. Germans / Scandinavians D. Irish / Germans E. Irish / Scandinavians 56. The demand for second homes results in farmhouses and cottages being renovated by those wanting a place in the country. In the United States many aspire to a condo in Florida. In western Europe, the ideal is a ____ farmhouse near ____. A. Danish / Copenhagen B. Polish / Gdansk C. Swedish / Stockholm D. Tuscan / Florence E. Scottish / Edinburgh 57. Which area does NOT have dispersed rural settlements? A. Northwestern Spain B. Danubian plains C. Wales D. Brittany E. Western France F. Highlands and islands of Scotland G. Ireland 58. Which area does NOT have nucleated village settlements? A. Midlands of England B. Danubian plains C. Spanish meseta D. Northwestern Spain E. Western Germany F. Northeastern France G. Peninsular Italy 59. In southern Italy, villages and small towns are back from the coast and up in the hills. The often walled settlements provided protection from ____ which were not stopped until the first decades of the 19th century. A. The mafia and other organized crime outfits so common in southern Italy B. British pirates C. Disease outbreaks D. Barbary corsairs E. Corrupt southern Italian rulers 60. A few open-field villages are preserved as historic sites in: A. Luxembourg and eastern France B. England and Denmark C. Western Germany D. Austria and Italy E. The Netherlands and Belgium 61. In practice, on an agricultural plain, ____ miles between markets is the maximum spacing, implying journeys of ____ miles in each direction for farmers in the town hinterland. A. 10–12 / 5–6 B. 16–18 / 8–9 C. 2–4 / 1–2 D. 5–6 / 2.5–3 E. 20–24 / 10–12 62. It was the German geographer ____ who came up with the notions for Central Place Theory, as he attempted to construct a geometry of service center distributions. A. Milton Keynes B. Walter Christaller C. August Meitzen D. James Watt E. Robert Grottinger 63. Village depopulation is common: A. In southern Romania B. In central Germany C. On the Spanish meseta D. In western Ireland E. In the Scottish Highlands 64. In most rural regions, the loss of farmers and agricultural laborers is offset by demand for: A. Organic farming B. Craft businesses C. Green energy production D. New rural industry E. Second homes 65. Numerous European cities had tremendous damage from World War II. One of the worst examples was ____ and the American ambassador described this city of rubble as a place without lights. A. Frankfurt B. Kiev (Kyiv) C. Warsaw D. Munich E. Turin (Torino) 66. A famous Benedictine monastery in southern ____ was the center of a prolonged battle (in World War II) which reduced it to rubble. The monastery was rebuilt. A. Spain B. Croatia C. France D. Poland E. Italy 67. The restoration of ____, brutally bombed near war's end (World War II) when full of refugees fleeing the Russian advance, was finished recently. A. Berlin B. Chemnitz C. Dresden D. Hanover E. Kassel 68. In Britain, the ____ Act of 1947 required that all urban and rural areas produce maps recording and designating land use. A. Comprehensive Land Use Planning B. City and Farm Mapping C. Town and Country Planning D. Industrial and Agricultural Reconstruction E. Urban and Rural Comprehensive Planning 69. The existing town of ____, a place with good transportation links and expandable services, was enlarged, starting in 1967, until it held around a quarter of a million inhabitants. A. Birmingham B. Milton Keynes C. Bath D. Bristol E. Oxford 70. Which country has the most carefully planned landscape in Europe? This country has high population densities and the need to control land use around rivers, coasts, dykes, and canals. A. Italy B. Spain C. The Netherlands D. France E. Germany 71. In France, new towns were built near existing cities in order to deflect growth from Paris. Which was NOT one of these cities which had a new town built near it? A. Rouen B. Lyon C. Lille D. Orleans E. Marseille 72. In several cases destroyed central, historic areas were restored. ____ is an example. A. Warsaw B. Prague C. Sofia D. Bucharest E. Paris 73. In certain cities, such as ____ in Bulgaria and ____ in Romania, the city centers were reworked to accommodate ceremonial squares with statues of communist leaders and monolithic blocks to house communist governments and their ministries. A. Budapest / Sofia B. Bucharest / Sofia C. Sofia / Bucharest D. Bucharest / Bratislava E. Sofia / Budapest F. Bratislava / Bucharest 74. In many eastern European cities, a new city center was laid out adjacent to the historic core. ____ is an exception to this. A. Bucharest B. Bratislava C. Sofia D. East Berlin E. Prague 75. In the early 1960s planners in Britain wanted to build a new sunken highway through a meadow (located near a river used for rowing), in order to relieve traffic congestion in the central part of the city of ____. Eventually the Prime Minister (who graduated from the college in that city) got involved to stop the highway project. A. Birmingham B. Salisbury C. Bath D. Stratford-upon-Avon E. Oxford 76. In the ____ France built hypermarkets: large, outlying shopping centers with motor car access. A. 1950s B. 1970s C. 1960s D. 1990s E. 1980s 77. Because western European cities had ____ the movement to the suburbs was less abrupt than in the United States. New suburbs were built in Europe, but at a slower pace. A. Tight planning regulations B. Less infrastructure for automobiles C. All the urban services they needed downtown D. Too many tourist attractions downtown E. Much stronger preferences for public transportation 78. As European economies grew, there was demand for unskilled labor to take jobs native-born Europeans: A. Did not want B. Thought were too highly paid C. Thought were too far away from their homes D. Felt interfered too much with their lifestyles E. Thought did not fit their ancestral connections 79. Hopes that integration of migrants would come as second and third generations were born in Europe have not been fulfilled. Many ____ are home grown. A. Telemarketers B. Taxi and bus drivers C. Terrorists D. Farmers E. Politicians 80. In Britain the Muslim communities from ____ have not assimilated. A. Pakistan B. India C. Barbados D. Mozambique E. Jamaica F. Angola