HESI A2 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY V1/V2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026-20… EXAM
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
HESI A2 Anatomy &
Physiology V1/V2
Questions & Answers
2026-2027 | Updated
Review (Rationales)
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales
135 QUESTIONS
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This comprehensive review document provides 135 Anatomy & Physiology questions with their
verified correct answers and detailed rationales. It covers fundamental human physiology concepts,
serving as an effective tool for study, review, and certification preparation. Students can utilize this
resource to deepen their understanding and reinforce key knowledge in preparation for exams.
CONTENTS
• Integumentary & Endocrine Systems • Nervous System & Senses
• Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems • Skeletal System & Joints
• Urinary & Reproductive Systems • Cellular Biology & Processes
• Digestive System & Metabolism
Page 1
, E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 135
What is a characteristic of viral herpes
CORRECT ANSWER
Skin Eruption
RATIONALE
Viral herpes infections are characterized by the hallmark symptom of skin eruptions, often presenting as
vesicles or ulcers. This cutaneous manifestation is a direct result of viral replication within epidermal and
dermal cells.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 135
Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?
CORRECT ANSWER
They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function
RATIONALE
Endocrine glands are ductless organs that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate
physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, and sexual development. This hormonal signaling is the
defining characteristic distinguishing them from exocrine glands, which secrete substances through ducts.
Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 135
As a part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrix in
response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?
CORRECT ANSWER
Osteoclasts (break down bone so it can release Ca+ into interstitial fluid)
Page 2
, RATIONALE
Osteoclasts are stimulated to resorb bone matrix, releasing calcium into the interstitial fluid, when blood
calcium levels decrease to maintain homeostasis. This process is a key component of the negative feedback
loop regulating serum calcium.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 135
Sweat on the skin's surface cools the body through which process?
CORRECT ANSWER
Evaporation
RATIONALE
Sweat cools the body as liquid water absorbs heat energy from the skin to transform into vapor, a process
known as evaporation. This phase transition requires energy, which is drawn from the body, thus lowering its
temperature.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 135
When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian and the nurse notes that she has
a unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten a large amount of?
CORRECT ANSWER
Carrot and squash
RATIONALE
Excessive intake of beta-carotene found in carrots and squash can lead to carotenemia, a harmless condition
causing yellowish-orange skin discoloration. This occurs because the body cannot fully convert beta-
carotene to vitamin A, resulting in its accumulation in the subcutaneous fat.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 135
Ceruminous (aprocrine) glands secrete?
CORRECT ANSWER
Earwax
Page 3
, RATIONALE
Ceruminous glands, a specialized type of apocrine gland found in the external auditory canal, secrete sebum
and desquamated skin cells to form earwax. This secretion lubricates the canal and traps foreign particles,
providing a protective barrier.
Q7 QUESTION 7 OF 135
Which gland is commonly known as the "Master Gland?"
CORRECT ANSWER
Pituitary Gland
RATIONALE
The pituitary gland is termed the "Master Gland" because it secretes hormones that regulate many bodily
functions and control the activity of other endocrine glands. This control mechanism highlights its central role
in maintaining endocrine homeostasis.
Q8 QUESTION 8 OF 135
What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?
CORRECT ANSWER
Eccrine gland (Merocrine / Sweat gland)
RATIONALE
Eccrine glands facilitate thermoregulation by producing sweat, which cools the body through evaporation.
This process exemplifies the integumentary system's role in maintaining internal temperature balance.
Q9 QUESTION 9 OF 135
Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?
CORRECT ANSWER
Eye (in front of eye, between the lens & cornea)
RATIONALE
Aqueous humor is the transparent fluid filling the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, providing
nourishment and maintaining intraocular pressure. This fluid is located between the cornea and the iris/lens.
Page 4
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
HESI A2 Anatomy &
Physiology V1/V2
Questions & Answers
2026-2027 | Updated
Review (Rationales)
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales
135 QUESTIONS
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This comprehensive review document provides 135 Anatomy & Physiology questions with their
verified correct answers and detailed rationales. It covers fundamental human physiology concepts,
serving as an effective tool for study, review, and certification preparation. Students can utilize this
resource to deepen their understanding and reinforce key knowledge in preparation for exams.
CONTENTS
• Integumentary & Endocrine Systems • Nervous System & Senses
• Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems • Skeletal System & Joints
• Urinary & Reproductive Systems • Cellular Biology & Processes
• Digestive System & Metabolism
Page 1
, E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 135
What is a characteristic of viral herpes
CORRECT ANSWER
Skin Eruption
RATIONALE
Viral herpes infections are characterized by the hallmark symptom of skin eruptions, often presenting as
vesicles or ulcers. This cutaneous manifestation is a direct result of viral replication within epidermal and
dermal cells.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 135
Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?
CORRECT ANSWER
They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function
RATIONALE
Endocrine glands are ductless organs that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate
physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, and sexual development. This hormonal signaling is the
defining characteristic distinguishing them from exocrine glands, which secrete substances through ducts.
Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 135
As a part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrix in
response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?
CORRECT ANSWER
Osteoclasts (break down bone so it can release Ca+ into interstitial fluid)
Page 2
, RATIONALE
Osteoclasts are stimulated to resorb bone matrix, releasing calcium into the interstitial fluid, when blood
calcium levels decrease to maintain homeostasis. This process is a key component of the negative feedback
loop regulating serum calcium.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 135
Sweat on the skin's surface cools the body through which process?
CORRECT ANSWER
Evaporation
RATIONALE
Sweat cools the body as liquid water absorbs heat energy from the skin to transform into vapor, a process
known as evaporation. This phase transition requires energy, which is drawn from the body, thus lowering its
temperature.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 135
When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian and the nurse notes that she has
a unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten a large amount of?
CORRECT ANSWER
Carrot and squash
RATIONALE
Excessive intake of beta-carotene found in carrots and squash can lead to carotenemia, a harmless condition
causing yellowish-orange skin discoloration. This occurs because the body cannot fully convert beta-
carotene to vitamin A, resulting in its accumulation in the subcutaneous fat.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 135
Ceruminous (aprocrine) glands secrete?
CORRECT ANSWER
Earwax
Page 3
, RATIONALE
Ceruminous glands, a specialized type of apocrine gland found in the external auditory canal, secrete sebum
and desquamated skin cells to form earwax. This secretion lubricates the canal and traps foreign particles,
providing a protective barrier.
Q7 QUESTION 7 OF 135
Which gland is commonly known as the "Master Gland?"
CORRECT ANSWER
Pituitary Gland
RATIONALE
The pituitary gland is termed the "Master Gland" because it secretes hormones that regulate many bodily
functions and control the activity of other endocrine glands. This control mechanism highlights its central role
in maintaining endocrine homeostasis.
Q8 QUESTION 8 OF 135
What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?
CORRECT ANSWER
Eccrine gland (Merocrine / Sweat gland)
RATIONALE
Eccrine glands facilitate thermoregulation by producing sweat, which cools the body through evaporation.
This process exemplifies the integumentary system's role in maintaining internal temperature balance.
Q9 QUESTION 9 OF 135
Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?
CORRECT ANSWER
Eye (in front of eye, between the lens & cornea)
RATIONALE
Aqueous humor is the transparent fluid filling the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, providing
nourishment and maintaining intraocular pressure. This fluid is located between the cornea and the iris/lens.
Page 4
